Denier - Charlemagne patrician of the Romans Ravenna

Features

Issuer	Unified Carolingian Empire
Kral	Charlemagne (Karolus) (768-814)
Type	Standart tedavül madenî paralar
Yıllar	775-801
Value	1 Denier (1⁄240)
Currency	Pound (751-843)
Composition	Gümüş
Ağırlık	1.67 g
Diameter	18.5 mm
Şekil	Yuvarlak (düzensiz)
Technique	Dövme
Orientation	Değişik hizalamalar ↺
Demonetized	Evet
Numara	N# 330538
Referanslar	Morrison# 308 Karl Frederick Morrison, Henry Grunthal; 1967. Carolingian Coinage / Volume 158. American Numismatic Society, New York City, New York, United States. , MEC I# 1499 Philip Grierson, Mark Blackburn; 2007. Medieval European Coinage / Volume 1: The Early Middle Ages (5th-10th Centuries): With a Catalogue of the Coins in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom. , Gariel Car# XII/184 Ernest Gariel. Les Monnaies Royales de France sous la race Carolingienne. Imprimerie Typographique de G. Fischbach, Strasbourg, France (2 volumes). , Prou Car# 896 Maurice Prou; 1896. Les monnaies carolingiennes. Rollin & Feuardent, Paris, France.

Obverse

Monogram KRLS. Automatically translated

Script: Latince

Lettering: ✠ CΛRLVS REX FR

Unabridged legend: CAROLUS REX FRANCORUM

Reverse

Monogram APΔω. Automatically translated

Scripts: Yunanca, Latince

Lettering: ✠ ET LΛNG ΛC PΛT ROM

Unabridged legend: ET LANGABARDORUM AC PATRICIUS ROMANORUM

Mint

Ravenna, Italy

Comments

Bu inkârcı büyük bir tarihi öneme sahiptir. Şarlman'a verilen Lombardların Kralı ve Romalıların Patriği diplomatik unvanları, bu sikkenin en erken 775 yılında basıldığını doğrulamaktadır. Bu tarihte orduları Lombardiya'yı fethetmekte olan Şarlman, Roma'da Papa Adrian tarafından kabul edilmiş ve onun tarafından Romalıların patricisi unvanıyla taltif edilmiştir. Bu tip, daha sonraki tüm Karolenj sikkeleri için bir model teşkil eder.
Arka yüzdeki monogramda Roma ya da Ravenna veya Adrien Pape yazmaktadır. Margareth Thompson (Müze Notları XII) en ciddi tezi ileri sürer ve KAROLVS'u Yunan harfleriyle okur ve Ravenna'yı bir atölye olarak önerir. Automatically translated

This is an automatic translation. The original text is:

This denier is of major historical importance. The diplomatic titles given to Charlemagne of King of the Lombards and Patrice of the Romans justify that this coin was minted at the earliest in 775. On this date, Charlemagne, whose armies were conquering Lombardy, was received in Rome by the Pope Adrian and gratified by him with the title of patrician of the Romans. This type serves as a model for all later Carolingian coins.
The reverse monogram was read Rome or Ravenna or Adrien Pape. Margareth Thompson (Museum Notes XII) advances the most serious thesis and reads KAROLVS in Greek letters, and offers Ravenna as a workshop.

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Date					VG	F	VF	XF	AU	UNC
Undetermined
ND (775-801)							$ 4000

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