Ruling authorities
Here is a list of the ruling authorities in the Numista catalogue. The ruling authorities are the individual heads of state represented on coins and banknotes. Heads of state are understood in a broad sense, including monarchs, regents, governors, seigneurs, ranking nobles or clergy, leaders, officers, pretenders, usurpers, etc. When heads of state are not individually represented on coins or banknotes, the ruling authority can be the form of government, a governing body, or a historical period.
Abhazya
Aerikan İmparatorluğu
Afganistan › Afgan Devletleri
Afganistan › Afgan Devletleri › Afgan Şehirleri › Belh Şehri
Afganistan › Afgan Devletleri › Afgan Şehirleri › Herat Şehri
Afganistan › Afgan Devletleri › Afgan Şehirleri › Multan Şehri
Afganistan › Afgan Devletleri › Afgan Şehirleri › Peşaver Şehri
Afganistan › Afgan Devletleri › Afgan Şehirleri › Kandahar Şehri
Afganistan › Afgan Devletleri › Herat
Afganistan › Afgan Devletleri › Keşmir Vadisi
Afganistan › Afgan Devletleri › Pencap
Afganistan › Afgan Devletleri › Kandahar
- Principality of Qandahar
- Province of Qandahar
Afganistan
- Durrani dynasty
- Emirate of Afghanistan
- Habib Allah Khan (1823)
- Sultan Mohammad Khan (1823-1826)
- Dost Mohammad Khan (1826-1839, 1843-1863)
- Shujah Shah (1839-1842)
- Muhammad Zaman (1841-1842)
- Fath Jang Shah (1842)
- Shahpur Shah (1842)
- Wazir Akbar Khan (1842-1843)
- Sher Ali Khan (1863-1866, 1868-1879)
- Mohammad Afzal Khan (1866-1867)
- Mohammad Azam Khan (1867-1868)
- Mohammad Yaqub Khan (1879)
- Wali Muhammad Khan (1880)
- Abdur Rahman Khan (1880-1901)
- Habibullah Khan (1901-1919)
- Amanullah Khan (1919-1926)
- Afganistan Krallığı
- Saqqawist Emirate
- Afganistan Krallığı
- Cumhuriyet (1973-1978)
- Democratic Republic (1978-1992)
- Islamic State (1992-2002)
- Transitional Islamic State (2002-2004)
- Islamic Republic (2004-date)
Aksum
- Pre-Christian period
- Early Christian period
- Ousanas II (500-510)
- Early Christian period
- Late Christian period
Arnavutluk
Arnavutluk › Arnavutluk Eyaletleri › Arnavutluk Prensliği
Cezayir › Abdelkader Emirliği
Cezayir › Cezayir Notgeld'i
Cezayir › Algiers, Regency of
- Suleiman I the Magnificent (1520-1566)
- Selim II (1566-1574)
- Murad III (1574-1595)
- 3. Mehmet (1595-1603)
- Ahmed I (1603-1617)
- Mustafa I (1617-1618, 1622-1623)
- Murad IV (1623-1640)
- Ibrahim I (1640-1648)
- Mehmed IV (1648-1687)
- Mustafa II (1695-1703)
- Ahmed III (1703-1730)
- Osman III (1754-1757)
- Mustafa III (1757-1774)
- Abdul Hamid I (1774-1789)
- Selim III (1789-1798, 1801-1807)
- Mustafa IV (1807-1808)
- Mahmud II (1808-1830)
Cezayir › Oran, Spanish possession of
- Habsburg Hanedanı
Andora
Angola
- Portekiz İmparatorluğu Kolonisi, Braganza Hanedanı
- Portuguese Angola
- People's Republic (1975-1992)
- Cumhuriyet (1992-date)
Antigua ve Barbuda
- House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
- Windsor Hanedanı
Arabistan (antik çağ) › Kuzey Arabistan › Nebati Krallığı
Arabistan (antik çağ) › Güney Arabistan › Himyarit Krallığı
Araucanía Krallığı ve Patagonya
Arjantin › Arjantin İlleri › Arjantin Konfederasyonu
Arjantin › Arjantin İlleri › Buenos Aires
Arjantin › Arjantin İlleri › Katamarka
Arjantin › Arjantin İlleri › Katamarka Arjantin › Arjantin İlleri › Kordoba
Arjantin › Arjantin İlleri › Corrientes
Arjantin › Arjantin İlleri › Corrientes Arjantin › Arjantin İlleri › Entre Ríos
Arjantin › Arjantin İlleri › Jujuy
Arjantin › Arjantin İlleri › Jujuy Arjantin › Arjantin İlleri › La Rioja
Arjantin › Arjantin İlleri › Mendoza
Arjantin › Arjantin İlleri › Río Negro
Arjantin › Arjantin İlleri › Río Negro Arjantin › Arjantin İlleri › Salta
Arjantin › Arjantin İlleri › Salta Arjantin › Arjantin İlleri › San juan
Arjantin › Arjantin İlleri › San juan Arjantin › Arjantin İlleri › Santa Fe
Arjantin › Arjantin İlleri › Santa Fe Arjantin › Arjantin İlleri › Santiago del Estero
Arjantin › Arjantin İlleri › Tierra del Fuego
Arjantin › Arjantin İlleri › Tucuman
Atlantis Krallığı
Atlantium İmparatorluğu
Avustralya
- İngiliz kolonileri
- House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
- Windsor Hanedanı
Avustralya › Avustralya Eyaletleri
- İngiliz kolonileri
- Victoria (1837-1901)
Avustralya › Cocos (Keeling) Adaları
- İngiliz yönetimi - Clunies-Ross ailesi
Avusturya
Avusturya › Avusturya İmparatorluğu
- Habsburg Hanedanı
- Sigismund "the Rich" (1439-1490)
- Frederick III (1453-1493)
- Maximilian I (1486-1519)
- 1. Ferdinand (1519-1564)
- Maximilian II (1564-1576)
- 2. Rudolf (1576-1612)
- Matthias (1612-1619)
- Ferdinand II (1619-1637)
- Leopold V (1626-1632)
- Ferdinand III (1637-1657)
- Ferdinand Charles (1646-1662)
- Leopold I (1657-1705)
- Joseph I (1705-1711)
- Charles VI (1711-1740)
- Maria Theresa (1740-1780)
- Francis I of Lorraine (1745-1765)
- Joseph II (1765-1780)
- Joseph II (1780-1790)
- Leopold II (1790-1792)
- Francis II (1792-1806)
- Francis I of Austria (1804-1835)
- 1. Ferdinand (1835-1848)
- Francis Joseph I (1848-1916)
- Charles I (1916-1918)
Avusturya › Austrian notgeld
Avusturya › Austrian States
- Emperors of the Holy Roman Empire
Avusturya › Austrian States › Auersperg, Counts of
- House of Auersperg
Avusturya › Austrian States › Austria, Duchy of
- Margraviate of Austria
- Duchy of Austria
- Henry II Jasomirgott (1156-1177)
- Leopold V (1177-1194)
- Frederick I (1195-1198)
- Leopold VI (1198-1230)
- Frederick II (1230-1246)
- Austrian Interregnum (1246-1251)
- Hermann VI of Baden (1248-1250)
- Ottokar II of Bohemia (1251-1276)
- Rudolph I (1276-1282)
- Albert I (1282-1298)
- Rudolph III (1298-1306)
- Frederick the Handsome (1306-1330)
- Albert II (1330-1358)
- Rudolf IV (1358-1365)
- Albert III (1365-1395)
- William I (1386-1406)
- Albert IV (1395-1404)
- Albert V (1404-1438)
- Frederick V (1440-1457)
- Frederick V (1457-1493)
Avusturya › Austrian States › Brixen, Bishopric of
Avusturya › Austrian States › Burgau, Margraviate of
Avusturya › Austrian States › Carinthia, Duchy of
- House of Sponheim
- Přemyslid dynasty
- Habsburg Hanedanı
- House of Gorizia-Meinhardiner
- Habsburg Hanedanı
Avusturya › Austrian States › Cilli, County of
Avusturya › Austrian States › Dietrichstein, Counts of
- House of Dietrichstein, Hollenburg branch
Avusturya › Austrian States › Formbach-Pütten, County of
Avusturya › Austrian States › Formbach, Abbey of
Avusturya › Austrian States › Further Austria
Avusturya › Austrian States › Görz, County of
Avusturya › Austrian States › Gurk, Bishopric of
Avusturya › Austrian States › Istria-Carniola, March of
Avusturya › Austrian States › Khevenhüller-Metsch, Counts of
- House of Khevenhüller-Metsch
Avusturya › Austrian States › Merania, Duchy of
Avusturya › Austrian States › Orsini-Rosenberg, Counts of
- House of Orsini-Rosenberg
Avusturya › Austrian States › Ortenburg, County of
- House of Ortenburg
Avusturya › Austrian States › Paar, Counts of
- House of Paar
Avusturya › Austrian States › Salzburg, Archbishopric of
- Hartwig (991-1023)
- Adalbero of Carinthia (1012-1035)
- Günther (1024-1025)
- Dietmar II (1025-1041)
- Baldwin (1041-1060)
- Conrad I of Abenberg (1106-1147)
- Eberhard I of Hilpolstein-Biburg (1147-1164)
- Adalbert III of Bohemia (1168-1177, 1183-1200)
- Eberhard II of Regensberg (1200-1246)
- Philip of Carinthia (1247-1256)
- Ladislaus of Silesia-Liegnitz (1265-1270)
- Frederick II of Walchen (1270-1284)
- Rudolph of Hoheneck (1284-1290)
- Conrad IV of Fohnsdorf-Breitenfurt (1291-1312)
- Pilgrim II of Puchheim (1365-1396)
- John II of Reisberg (1429-1441)
- Frederick IV of Emmerberg (1441-1452)
- Sigismund I of Volkersdorf (1452-1461)
- Leonard of Keutschach (1495-1519)
- Matthew Lang of Wellenburg (1519-1540)
- Ernest of Bavaria (1540-1554)
- Michael von Kuenburg (1554-1560)
- Johann Jakob Khuen von Belasi (1560-1586)
- George of Kuenburg (1586-1587)
- Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau (1587-1612)
- Markus Sittikus von Hohenems (1612-1619)
- Paris von Lodron (1619-1653)
- Guidobald von Thun (1654-1668)
- John Ernest of Thun (1667-1709)
- Max Gandolf von Kuenburg (1668-1687)
- Francis Anthony of Harrach (1709-1727)
- Leopold Anthony von Firmian (1727-1744)
- Jacob Ernest of Liechtenstein (1745-1747)
- Andreas Jakob von Dietrichstein (1747-1753)
- Sigismund of Schrattenbach (1753-1771)
- Hieronymus von Colloredo (1772-1803)
- Ferdinand III of Tuscany (1803-1806)
Avusturya › Austrian States › Sinzendorf, County of
- House of Sinzendorf
Avusturya › Austrian States › Sprinzenstein, Counts of
- House of Sprinzenstein
Avusturya › Austrian States › Styria, Duchy of
- Eberhard I (1147-1164)
- Otakar dynasty
- House of Babenberg
- Bela IV of Hungary (1254-1260)
- Stephen V (1258-1260)
- House of Přemyslids
- Habsburg Hanedanı
- Habsburg dynasty
- Albert I (1282-1308)
- Rudolph III (1298-1307)
- Frederick the Fair (1308-1330)
- Albert II (1330-1358)
- Rudolph IV (1358-1365)
- Ernest I (1406-1424)
- Frederick V (1424-1493)
- Charles II Francis (1564-1590)
- Ferdinand II (1590-1637)
- Ferdinand III (1642-1647)
- Leopold I (1658-1705)
- Charles VI (1728-1740)
- Maria Theresa (1740-1780)
Avusturya › Austrian States › Trautson, Counts of
Avusturya › Austrian States › Tyrol, County of
- Meinhard II (1257-1295)
- Leopold III (1365-1386)
- Albert III (1386-1395)
- Leopold IV (1395-1406)
- Frederick IV (1406-1439)
- Sigismund the Rich (1446-1490)
- Maximilian I (1486-1519)
- Ferdinand II (1564-1595)
- Ferdinand II of Tyrol (1564-1595)
- 2. Rudolf (1576-1612)
- Maximilian III (1602-1618)
- Leopold V (1619-1625)
- Emperor Ferdinand II (1619-1637)
- Leopold V (1626-1632)
- Ferdinand Charles (1646-1662)
- Leopold I (1657-1705)
- Sigismund Francis (1663-1665)
- Joseph I (1705-1711)
- Charles VI (1711-1740)
- Maria Theresa (1740-1780)
- Joseph II (1765-1790)
- Andreas Hofer (1809-1810)
Avusturya › Austrian States › Upper Alsace, Landgraviate of
Avusturya › Austrian States › Vienna, Archbishopric of
Avusturya › Austrian States › Windisch-Grätz, Counts of
- House Windisch-Grätz
Avram, Grand Duchy of
Azerbaijan › Artsak
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
- İngiliz kolonisi
- İngiliz Milletler Topluluğu
- İngiliz Milletler Topluluğu Cumhuriyeti
Belarus
Belgian Congo, Rwanda and Urundi › Belgian Congo › Belgian Congo (1908-1960)
- House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
- House of Belgium
- Administrative union (1952-1962)
Belgian Congo, Rwanda and Urundi › Belgian Congo › Congo Free State (1885-1908)
- House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Belgian Congo, Rwanda and Urundi › Belgian Congo and Ruanda-Urundi
Belgium › Austrian Netherlands
Belgium › Belgian notgeld › East Flanders, Province of › Ghent, City of
- House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Belgium › Belgian States
Belgium › Belgian States › Agimont, Lordship of
Belgium › Belgian States › Antwerp, City under siege of
Belgium › Belgian States › Bicht, Lordship of
Belgium › Belgian States › Born, Lordship of
Belgium › Belgian States › Brabant, Duchy of
- House of Reginar
- House of Burgundy
- Habsburg Hanedanı
- Spanish Netherlands
Belgium › Belgian States › Brogel, Lordship of
Belgium › Belgian States › Fagnolle, County of
Belgium › Belgian States › Flanders, County of
- House of Flanders
- House of Estridsen
- House of Normandy
- House of Lorraine
- House of Flanders
- House of Lorraine
- House of Dampierre
- Burgonya Hollandası
- Spanish Netherlands
Belgium › Belgian States › Florennes, Lordship of
Belgium › Belgian States › Gerdingen and Stein, Lordships of
Belgium › Belgian States › Ghent, City of
Belgium › Belgian States › Herstal, Lordship of
Belgium › Belgian States › Kessenich, Lordship of
Belgium › Belgian States › Leuven and Brussels, Counties of
Belgium › Belgian States › Liege, Prince-bishopric of
- Notker (972-1008)
- Balderic II (1008-1018)
- Reginhard (1025-1037)
- Wazo (1042-1048)
- Theodwin (1048-1075)
- Henry of Verdun (1075-1091)
- Otbert (1091-1119)
- Albero I of Louvain (1122-1128)
- Henry of Leez (1145-1164)
- 2. Aleksandır (1164-1167)
- Rudolf of Zähringen (1167-1191)
- Albert of Rethel (1191-1194)
- Albert of Cuyck (1195-1200)
- Hugh of Pierrepont (1200-1229)
- John of Aps (1229-1238)
- Robert of Thourotte (1240-1246)
- Henry of Guelders (1247-1274)
- John of Flanders (1282-1291)
- Hugh of Chalons (1295-1301)
- Theobald of Bar (1302-1312)
- Adolph of la Marck (1313-1344)
- Engelbert III of the Mark (1345-1364)
- John of Arkel (1364-1378)
- Arnold of Hornes (1378-1389)
- John of Bavaria (1389-1418)
- John of Heinsberg (1419-1455)
- Louis of Bourbon (1456-1482)
- John of Hornes (1484-1505)
- Erard of la Marck (1505-1538)
- Corneille of Berghes (1538-1544)
- George of Austria (1544-1557)
- Robert of Berghes (1557-1564)
- Gerard of Groesbeek (1564-1580)
- Ernest of Bavaria (1581-1612)
- Ferdinand of Bavaria (1612-1650)
- Maximilian Henry of Bavaria (1650-1688)
- Sede Vacante (1688)
- John Louis of Elderen (1688-1694)
- Sede Vacante (1694)
- Joseph Clemens of Bavaria (1694-1723)
- Sede Vacante (1723-1724)
- George Louis of Berghes (1724-1743)
- Sede Vacante (1743-1744)
- John Theodore of Bavaria (1744-1763)
- Sede Vacante (1763)
- Sede Vacante (1771-1772)
- Sede Vacante (1784)
- Sede Vacante (1792)
- Francois Antoine (1792-1802)
Belgium › Belgian States › Loon, County of
Belgium › Belgian States › Namur, County of
- House of Namur
- House of Flanders
- House of Dampierre
- Burgonya Hollandası
- Spanish Netherlands
- Maximilian II Emanuel (1712-1713)
Belgium › Belgian States › Reckheim, Lordship of
Belgium › Belgian States › Rummen, Lordship of
Belgium › Belgian States › Stavelot-Malmedy, Imperial abbey of
Belgium › Belgian States › Thorn, Abbey of
Belgium › Belgian States › Tournai, Bishopric of
Belgium › Belgian States › Tournai, Lordship of
Belgium › Belgian States › Vogelzang, Zolder and Zonhoven, Lordships of
Belgium
- House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
- German occupation (1914-1918)
- House of Belgium
Belize › Belize (1973-date)
- Windsor Hanedanı
Belize › British Honduras (1862-1973)
- Hanover Hanedanı
- House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
- Windsor Hanedanı
Belize › British Settlements on the Bay of Honduras (1783-1862)
- Hanover Hanedanı
Benin › Benin (1975-date)
Benin › Dahomey (1960-1975)
Bermania, Kingdom of
Bhutan
- Druk Desis of Bhutan
- Kings of Bhutan, House of Wangchuck
Bohemia › Bohemia, Kingdom of
- Přemyslid dynasty
- Adalbert of Prague (982-994)
- Emma (985-995)
- Sobeslaus Slavník (985-995)
- Přemyslid dynasty
- Boleslaus I (1003-1004)
- Přemyslid dynasty
- Jaromir (1003, 1004-1012, 1033-1034)
- Ulrich (1012-1034)
- Bretislaus I (1034-1055)
- Spitignew II (1055-1061)
- Vratislaus II (1061-1085)
- Vratislaus I (1085-1092)
- Bretislaus II (1092-1100)
- Borivoj II (1100-1107, 1109-1110, 1118-112)
- Svatopluk (1107-1109)
- Vladislaus I (1109-1117, 1120-1125)
- Sobeslaus I (1125-1140)
- Vladislaus II (1140-1158)
- Vladislaus II (1158-1172)
- Sobeslaus II (1173-1179)
- Bedrich (1178-1189)
- Conrad Otto (1182, 1189-1191)
- Wenceslaus II (1191-1192)
- Bretislaus III (1191-1197)
- Ottokar I (1192-1193)
- Vladislaus III (1197)
- Ottokar I (1198-1230)
- Wenceslaus I (1224-1230)
- Wenceslaus I (1230-1253)
- Ottokar II (1253-1278)
- Wenceslaus II (1278-1305)
- House of Luxembourg
- George of Poděbrady (1458-1471)
- House of Jagiellon
- Habsburg Hanedanı
- Czech Estates (1619-1620)
- Frederick of Pfalz (1619-1620)
- Moravian Estates (1619-1620)
- Habsburg Hanedanı
Bohemia › Bohemia, Kingdom of › Cheb, City of
Bohemia › Bohemia, Kingdom of › Friedland, Duchy of
Bohemia › Bohemia, Kingdom of › Görlitz, City of
Bohemia › Bohemia, Kingdom of › Jihlava, City of
Bohemia › Bohemia, Kingdom of › Kinsky, Counts of
Bohemia › Bohemia, Kingdom of › Koszalin, City of
Bohemia › Bohemia, Kingdom of › Krummau, Duchy of
Bohemia › Bohemia, Kingdom of › Lobkowicz, Princes of
Bohemia › Bohemia, Kingdom of › Nostitz-Rieneck, Counts of
Bohemia › Bohemia, Kingdom of › Olomouc, Bishopric of
- Bruno of Schauenburg (1245-1281)
- Francis Seraph of Dietrichstein (1599-1636)
- John XIX Ernest Plateis of Plattenstein (1636-1637)
- Leopold I William of Austria (1637-1662)
- Charles Joseph of Austria (1663-1664)
- Charles II of Liechtenstein-Kastelkorn (1664-1695)
- Charles III Joseph of Lorraine (1695-1711)
- Wolfgang Hannibal of Schrattenbach (1711-1738)
- Jacob Ernest of Liechtenstein-Kastelkorn (1738-1745)
- Ferdinand Julius (1745-1758)
- Leopold Frederick Egkh and Hungersbach (1758-1760)
- Maximilian of Hamilton (1761-1776)
- Antonín Theodor of Colloredo-Waldsee (1777-1811)
- Maria Thaddäus of Trautmannsdorff (1811-1819)
- Rudolph John Joseph Rainier of Austria (1819-1831)
Bohemia › Bohemia, Kingdom of › Prague, City of
- Habsburg Hanedanı
Bohemia › Bohemia, Kingdom of › Rosenberg dominion
- House of Orsini-Rosenberg
Bohemia › Bohemia, Kingdom of › Schlick, Counts of
Bohemia › Bohemia, Kingdom of › Stargard, City of
Bohemia › Bohemia, Kingdom of › Znojmo, City of
Bohemia › Moravia › Brno, Duchy of
Bohemia › Moravia › Olomouc, Duchy of
Bohemia › Moravia › Unified Moravia and Margraviate
Bohemia › Moravia › Znojmo, Duchy of
Bohemia › Silesia › Bielsko, Duchy of
Bohemia › Silesia › Breslau, Bishopric of
- John V Thurzo (1506-1520)
- Balthasar of Promnitz (1539-1562)
- Martin of Gerstmann (1574-1585)
- Andrew of Jerin (1585-1596)
- Charles (1608-1624)
- Charles Ferdinand Vasa (1625-1655)
- Sebastian of Rostock (1665-1671)
- Frederick of Hesse-Darmstadt (1671-1682)
- Francis Louis of Neuburg (1683-1732)
- Philip Louis of Sinzendorf (1732-1747)
Bohemia › Silesia › Breslau, City of
Bohemia › Silesia › Bytom-Kosel, Duchy of
Bohemia › Silesia › Bytom, City of
Bohemia › Silesia › Glatz
Bohemia › Silesia › Glogau, City of
Bohemia › Silesia › Glogau, Duchy of
Bohemia › Silesia › Jägerndorf, Duchy of
Bohemia › Silesia › Kosel, City of
Bohemia › Silesia › Krosno, City of
Bohemia › Silesia › Liegnitz-Brieg, Duchy of
Bohemia › Silesia › Liegnitz, City of
Bohemia › Silesia › Löwenberg, City of
Bohemia › Silesia › Münsterberg-Oels, Duchy of
Bohemia › Silesia › Münsterberg, City of
Bohemia › Silesia › Nysa, City of
Bohemia › Silesia › Oels, City of
Bohemia › Silesia › Oels, Duchy of
Bohemia › Silesia › Oppeln-Ratibor, Duchy of
Bohemia › Silesia › Oppeln, City of
Bohemia › Silesia › Oświęcim, Duchy of
Bohemia › Silesia › Sagan, Duchy of
Bohemia › Silesia › Schweidnitz, City of
Bohemia › Silesia › Silesia, Duchy of
Bohemia › Silesia › Silesia, Royal Mint of
Bohemia › Silesia › Sorau, City of
Bohemia › Silesia › Striegau, City of
Bohemia › Silesia › Teschen, Duchy of
Bohemia › Silesia › Toszek, City of
Bohemia › Silesia › Troppau, City of
Bohemia › Silesia › Troppau, Duchy of
- House of Liechtenstein
Bohemia › Silesia › Wohlau, City of
Bohemia › Silesia › Württemberg-Oels, Duchy of
- Silvius II Frederick (1664-1697)
- Christian Ulrich I (1669-1704)
- Württemberg-Oels-Juliusburg
- Charles Frederick II (1704-1744)
- Württemberg-Oels-Juliusburg
Bolivia
- 2. Filip (1556-1598)
- Philip III (1598-1621)
- Philip IV (1621-1665)
- Charles II (1665-1700)
- Philip V (1700-1724, 1724-1746)
- 1. Luis (1724)
- Ferdinand VI (1746-1759)
- Charles III (1759-1788)
- Charles IV (1788-1808)
- Joseph I Bonaparte (1808-1814)
- Ferdinand VII (1808-1825)
- Cumhuriyet (1825-2009)
- Plurinational State (2009-date)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina › Bosnia, Kingdom of
Bosporan Kingdom
- Spartocus I (438 MÖ - 432 MÖ)
- Satyrus I (432 MÖ - 389 MÖ)
- Leukon I (389 MÖ - 349 MÖ)
- Spartocus II (349 MÖ - 344 MÖ)
- Paerisades I (344 MÖ - 309 MÖ)
- Eumelus (309 MÖ - 304 MÖ)
- Spartocus III (304 MÖ - 284 MÖ)
- Lisimakos (304 MÖ - 281 MÖ)
- Paerisades II (284 MÖ - 245 MÖ)
- Spartocus IV (245 MÖ - 240 MÖ)
- Leucon II (240 MÖ - 220 MÖ)
- Spartocus V (210 MÖ - 180 MÖ)
- Camasarye Philotecnus (180 MÖ - 150 MÖ)
- Parisades III (180 MÖ - 150 MÖ)
- Parisades IV Philometor (150 MÖ - 125 MÖ)
- Paerisades V (125 MÖ - 109 MÖ)
- Mithridates VI (120 MÖ - 63 MÖ)
- Machares (71 MÖ - 65 MÖ)
- Pharnakes II (63 MÖ - 47 MÖ)
- Asander (46 MÖ - 17 MÖ)
- Polemon I (16 MÖ - 8 MÖ)
- Aspurgus (8 MÖ - 38 MS)
- Gepaepyris (37-39)
- Mithridates III (39-45)
- Kotys I (45-72)
- Rhescuporis I (69-90)
- Sauromates I (90-124)
- Kotys II (123-131)
- Rhoemetalces (133-154)
- Eupator (155-171)
- Sauromates II (174-210)
- Rhescuporis II (210-228)
- Kotys III (227-234)
- Sauromates III (229-232)
- Rhescuporis III (233-235)
- Ininthimeus (234-239)
- Rhescuporis V (242-277)
- Theothorses (279-309)
- Rhescuporis V (303-342)
Botswana
Brazil
- Portekiz İmparatorluğu Kolonisi, Braganza Hanedanı
- United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves, House of Braganza
- Empire of Brazil, House of Braganza
- Republic of the United States of Brazil (1889-1967)
- Federative Republic of Brazil (1967-date)
Brazil › Ceara, State of
- Empire of Brazil, House of Braganza
Brazil › Maranhao, State of
- Empire of Brazil, House of Braganza
Brazil › New Holland
British Crown dependencies › Guernsey › Alderney
- Hanover Hanedanı
- Windsor Hanedanı
British Crown dependencies › Guernsey
- Hanover Hanedanı
- House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
- Windsor Hanedanı
- German occupation (1940-1945)
- Windsor Hanedanı
British Crown dependencies › Isle of Man
- James Stanley (1702-1736)
- James Murray (1736-1764)
- Hanover Hanedanı
- House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
- Windsor Hanedanı
British Crown dependencies › Jersey
- Hanover Hanedanı
- House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
- Windsor Hanedanı
- German occupation (1940-1945)
- Windsor Hanedanı
British Guiana and West Indies
British Isles and Frisia, Kingdoms of › Anglo-Saxon Archbishoprics › Canterbury, Archbishopric of
British Isles and Frisia, Kingdoms of › Anglo-Saxon Archbishoprics › London, Bishopric of
British Isles and Frisia, Kingdoms of › Anglo-Saxon Archbishoprics › York, Archbishopric of
British Isles and Frisia, Kingdoms of › Dublin, Hiberno-Norse Kingdom of
British Isles and Frisia, Kingdoms of › East Anglia, Kingdom of
British Isles and Frisia, Kingdoms of › Kent, Kingdom of
British Isles and Frisia, Kingdoms of › Mercia, Kingdom of
British Isles and Frisia, Kingdoms of › Northumbria, Kingdom of
- Aldfrith (685-705)
- Eadberht (737-758)
- Aethelwald Moll (759-765)
- Alchred (765-774)
- Aethelred I (774-779, 789-796)
- Aelfwald I (779-788)
- Eardwulf (796-806)
- Eanbald II (796-835)
- Aelfwald II (806-808)
- Eanred (810-841)
- Wigmund (837-849)
- Aethelred II (841-843, 844-849)
- Redwulf (843-844)
- Wulfhere (849-900)
- Osberht (850-867)
British Isles and Frisia, Kingdoms of › Wessex, Kingdom of
British Isles and Frisia, Kingdoms of › York, Viking Kingdom of
- Viking Kingdom of York (895-920)
- Hiberno-Norse Vikings of York (919-954)
British West Africa
British West Florida, Dominion of
British West Indies
Brunei
Bulgaria
- House of Battenberg
- House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry
- People's Republic (1946-1990)
- Cumhuriyet (1990-date)
Bulgaria › Second Bulgarian Empire
- House of Asen
- House of Borjigin
- House of Terter
- House of Shishman
- House of Sratsimir
Burgundian Kingdom
Byzantine states › Byzantine Empire
- Leonid dynasty
- Justinian dynasty
- Leontia (602-610)
- Phocas (602-610)
- Heraclian Revolt (608-610)
- Heraclian dynasty
- Mizizios (668-669)
- Heraclian dynasty
- Twenty Years' Anarchy
- Heraclian dynasty
- Twenty Years' Anarchy
- Isaurian dynasty
- Nikephorian dynasty
- Constantine Symbatios (813-820)
- Leo V (813-820)
- Amorian hanedanı
- Macedonian dynasty
- Basil I (867-886)
- Constantine (868-879)
- Leo VI (871-912)
- Alexander (871-913)
- Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos (913-959)
- Romanos I Lekapenos (920-944)
- Christopher Lekapenos (921-931)
- Romanos II Porphyrogennetos (945-963)
- Basil II (960-1025)
- Constantine VIII Porphyrogennetos (962-1028)
- Nikephoros II Phokas (963-969)
- John I Tzimiskes (969-976)
- Romanos III Argyros (1028-1034)
- Michael IV (1034-1041)
- Michael V Kalaphates (1041-1042)
- Constantine IX Monomachos (1042-1055)
- Theodora III Porphyrogenita (1055-1056)
- Michael VI Bringas Stratiotikos (1056-1057)
- Komnenid dynasty
- Doukid dynasty
- Komnenid dynasty
- Angelid Hanedanı
- Komnenid dynasty
- Angelid Hanedanı
- Palaiologan dynasty
- Michael VIII Palaiologos (1261-1282)
- Andronikos II Palaiologos (1282-1328)
- Michael IX Palaiologos (1295-1320)
- Andronikos III Palaiologos (1328-1341)
- John VI Kantakouzenos (1353-1354)
- John V Palaiologos (1354-1391)
- Andronikos IV Palaiologos (1376-1379)
- John VII Palaiologos (1390, 1399-1402)
- Manuel II Palaiologos (1391-1423)
- John VIII Palaiologos (1423-1448)
- Constantine XI Dragases Palaiologos (1448-1453)
Byzantine states › Epirus, Despotate of
Byzantine states › Nicaea, Empire of
Byzantine states › Rhodes, Byzantine Lordship of
Byzantine states › Trebizond, Empire of
- Andronikos I Gidos (1222-1235)
- Manuel I Megas Komnenos (1238-1263)
- George Megas Komnenos (1266-1280)
- John II Megas Komnenos (1280-1297)
- Alexios II Megas Komnenos (1297-1330)
- Andronikos III Megas Komnenos (1330-1332)
- Manuel II Megas Komnenos (1332)
- Basil Megas Komnenos (1332-1340)
- Michael Megas Komnenos (1344-1349)
- Alexios III Megas Komnenos (1349-1390)
- Manouēl III Megas Komnēnos (1390-1417)
- Alexios IV Megas Komnenos (1417-1429)
- John IV Megas Komnenos (1429-1458)
Cambodia
- Oudong Era
- French protectorate of Cambodia
- Kamboçya Krallığı
- Khmer Republic (1970-1975)
- Democratic Kampuchea (1975-1979)
- People's Republic of Kampuchea (1979-1989)
- State of Cambodia (1990-1993)
- Kamboçya Krallığı
Cameroon › Cameroon (1960-date)
Cameroon › French Cameroon (1916-1960)
Cameroon › German Cameroon (1884-1916)
Canada
Canada › Canadian provinces › Canada, United Province of
Canada › Canadian provinces › Lower Canada
Canada › Canadian provinces › New Brunswick
Canada › Canadian provinces › New Brunswick Canada › Canadian provinces › New France
- House of Bourbon
Canada › Canadian provinces › Newfoundland
Canada › Canadian provinces › Nova Scotia
Canada › Canadian provinces › Prince Edward Island
Canada › Canadian provinces › Quebec
Canada › Canadian provinces › Quebec Canada › Canadian provinces › Upper Canada
Cape Verde
Carolingian Empire › Carolingian States › Aquitaine, Kingdom of
Carolingian Empire › Carolingian States › Arles, Kingdom of
- House of Welf
- Ottonian dynasty
Carolingian Empire › Carolingian States › Italy, Kingdom of
- Karolenj Hanedanı
- Berengar I (888-889,898-900,902-922)
- Guy III of Spoleto (889-894)
- Lambert II of Spoleto (892-898)
- Karolenj Hanedanı
- House of Welf
- Bosonid Hanedanı
- Anscarid Hanedanı
- Ottonian dynasty
- Anscarid Hanedanı
- Ottonian dynasty
- Salian dynasty
- House of Hohenstaufen
Carolingian Empire › Carolingian States › Lotharingia
- Karolenj Hanedanı
- Duchy of Lotharingia
Carolingian Empire › Carolingian States › Lower Burgundy, Kingdom of
- Charles (855-863)
- Louis II (863-875)
- Charles II (875-877)
- Karolenj Hanedanı
- Boso (879-887)
- Louis III (887-928)
- Karolenj Hanedanı
Carolingian Empire › Carolingian States › Lower Lotharingia, Duchy of
- Godfrey II (1012-1023)
- Emperors of the Holy Roman Empire
- Gothelo I (1023-1044)
- Emperors of the Holy Roman Empire
- Gothelo II (1044-1046)
- Frederick I of Luxembourg (1046-1065)
- Godfrey III (1065-1069)
Carolingian Empire › Carolingian States › Narbonne, County of
Carolingian Empire › Carolingian States › Upper Lotharingia, Duchy of
Carolingian Empire › East Francia, Kingdom of
- Karolenj Hanedanı
- Conrad I (911-918)
- Henry I (919-936)
- Ottonian dynasty
Carolingian Empire › Middle Francia, Kingdom of
Carolingian Empire › Unified Carolingian Empire
Carolingian Empire › West Francia, Kingdom of
Carthaginian Empire › Iberia, Punic
Caucasia › Caucasian Khanates › Ganja Khanate
Caucasia › Caucasian Khanates › Karabakh Khanate
Caucasia › Caucasian Khanates › Quba Khanate
Caucasia › Caucasian Khanates › Sheki Khanate
Caucasia › Caucasian Khanates › Shirvan Khanate
Celtic Britain › Atrebates and Regini tribes
Celtic Britain › Cantii tribe
Celtic Britain › Catuvellauni and Trinovantes tribes
Celtic Britain › Catuvellauni tribe
Celtic Britain › Corieltauvi tribe
Celtic Britain › Dobunni tribe
Celtic Britain › Iceni tribe
Celtic Britain › Trinovantes tribe
Central African Republic
Central African States › French Equatorial Africa
Central America, Federal Republic of
Central and Eastern Europe (ancient) › Central and Eastern European Celts › Tylis, Kingdom of
Central and Eastern Europe (ancient) › Thracians › Odryssa, Kingdom of
- Sparatocos (Yaklaşık M.Ö. 450-430)
- 1 Seuthes (424 MÖ - 407 MÖ)
- Metokos (Yaklaşık M.Ö. 407-386)
- Saratokos (Yaklaşık M.Ö. 407-369)
- Amadocus I (387 MÖ - 370 MÖ)
- Hebryzelmis (386 MÖ - 383 MÖ)
- Kotis I (383 MÖ - 359 MÖ)
- Amadocus II (359 MÖ - 351 MÖ)
- Cersobleptes (359 MÖ - 340 MÖ)
- Cetriporis (356 MÖ - 351 MÖ)
- Teres II (350 MÖ - 339 MÖ)
- Seuthes III (330/325 - Yaklaşık M.Ö. 295)
- Adaios (235 MÖ)
- Cotys IV (Yaklaşık M.Ö. 171-167)
Central and Eastern Europe (ancient) › Thracians › Sapaean Kingdom
- Julio-Claudian dynasty
- Rhoemetalces I (15 MÖ - 12 MS)
Central Asia (ancient) › Khotan Kingdom
Central Asia (ancient) › Khwarazm (ancient)
Central Asia (ancient) › Sogdiana (ancient) › Bukhara Sogd (ancient)
Central Asia (ancient) › Sogdiana (ancient) › Kangju Kingdom
Central Asia (ancient) › Sogdiana (ancient) › Kashkadarya Valley
Central Asia (ancient) › Sogdiana (ancient) › Nakhshab (ancient)
Central Asia (ancient) › Yuezhi, Tribal confederation of
Central Asia › Dzungar Khanate
Central Asia › Khwarazm › Afrighid dynasty
Central Asia › Khwarazm › Kerder district
Central Asia › Late Central Asia › Bukhara › Bukhara, Emirate of
Central Asia › Late Central Asia › Bukhara › Janid dynasty
Central Asia › Late Central Asia › Bukhara › Shaybanid dynasty
Central Asia › Late Central Asia › Bukhara › Shaybanid Local Issuers
Central Asia › Late Central Asia › Khiva Khanate › Khiva, Khanate of
Central Asia › Late Central Asia › Khiva Khanate › Khorezm People's Soviet Republic
Central Asia › Late Central Asia › Khoqand Khanate
- Narbuta Bey (1770-1799)
- Alim Khan (1799-1811)
- Muhammad Umar Khan (1811-1822)
- Muhammad Ali Khan (1822-1842)
- Shir Ali Khan (1842-1844)
- Murad Beg Khan (1844)
- Muhammad Khudayar Khan (1845-1858,1862-1863, 1865-1875)
- Muhammad Mallya Beg Khan (1858-1862)
- Shah Murad Khan (1862)
- Muhammad Sultan Khan (1863-1865)
- Bil Bahchi Khan (1865)
- Nasruddin Khan (1875, 1875-1876)
- Muhammad Pulad Beg Khan (1875)
Central Asia › Late Central Asia › Qunduz, Emirate of
Central Asia › Late Central Asia › Tashkent › Tashkent Khanate
Central Asia › Late Central Asia › Tashkent › Tashkent Republic
Central Asia › Semirechye › Arslanid dynasty
Central Asia › Semirechye › Qarluq Khanate
Central Asia › Semirechye › Tukhus tribe
Central Asia › Semirechye › Türgesh Khaganate
Central Asia › Sogdiana › Bukhara Sogd › Bukhar Khudat dynasty
Central Asia › Sogdiana › Chach, Principality of
Central Asia › Sogdiana › Chach, Principality of › Farankat, City of
Central Asia › Sogdiana › Chach, Principality of › Kabarna, City of
Central Asia › Sogdiana › Chach, Principality of › Kanka, City of
Central Asia › Sogdiana › Chach, Principality of › Uncertain Chachian Principalities › Anonymous Chachian Principality I
Central Asia › Sogdiana › Chach, Principality of › Uncertain Chachian Principalities › Anonymous Chachian Principality IV
Central Asia › Sogdiana › Ferghana Khaganate
Central Asia › Sogdiana › Fiknan, Principality of
Central Asia › Sogdiana › Otrar oasis
Central Asia › Sogdiana › Samarqand Sogd › Fansar, Domain of
Central Asia › Sogdiana › Samarqand Sogd › Panch, Principality of
Central Asia › Sogdiana › Samarqand Sogd › Samarqand, Ikhshids of
Central Asia › Sogdiana › Samitan, Principality of
Central Asia › Sogdiana › Southern Sogdiana › Kesh, Principality of
Central Asia › Sogdiana › Southern Sogdiana › Nakhshab, Principality of
Central Asia › Sogdiana › Uncertain Sogdian mint
Central Asia › Sogdiana › Ustrushana, Principality of
Central Asia › Tokharistan › Northern Tokharistan › Chaghaniyan, Principality of
Central Asia › Tokharistan › Northern Tokharistan
Central Asia › Tokharistan › Western Turk Dynasties › Western Turk Shahis
Central Asia › Uyghur Khaganate
Central Asia › Western Liao dynasty
Chile
- Viceroyalty of Spain, House of Bourbon
- Cumhuriyet (1818-date)
Chile › Chilean States › Chiloé Island
- Viceroyalty of Spain, House of Bourbon
China (ancient) › Chengjia Empire
- Cheng Hanedanı
China (ancient)
- Ön-Qin Hanedanı (1046 MÖ - 221 MÖ)
- Qin dynasty
- Qin and Western Han dynasties (221 MÖ - 8 MÖ)
- Batı Han Hanedanı (202 MÖ - 8 MÖ)
- Western Han dynasty
- Xin dynasty
- Eastern Han dynasty
- Eastern Jin dynasty
- Sui dynasty
China (ancient) › Northern and Southern dynasties › Northern dynasties
- Northern Wei dynasty
- Western Wei dynasty
- Northern Qi dynasty
- Northern Zhou dynasty
China (ancient) › Northern and Southern dynasties › Southern dynasties
- Liu Song dynasty
- Southern Qi dynasty
- Liang dynasty
- Chen Hanedanı
China (ancient) › Sixteen Kingdoms › Cheng Han, State of
- House of Li
China (ancient) › Sixteen Kingdoms › Former Liang, State of
- Zhang Hanedanı
China (ancient) › Sixteen Kingdoms › Later Zhao, State of
- Later Zhao dynasty
China (ancient) › Sixteen Kingdoms › Xia, State of
- House of Helian
China › China, Empire of
- Tang dynasty
- Later Liang dynasty
- Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
- Later Tang dynasty
- Later Jin dynasty
- Later Zhou dynasty
- Northern Song dynasty
- Southern Song dynasty
- Mongol conquest
- Southern Song dynasty
- Yuan dynasty
- Ming dynasty
- Qing dynasty
- Southern Ming and Qing Rebels
- Qing dynasty
China › China, Empire of › Dynastic rebels › Dazhou Kingdom
- Zhou Hanedanı
China › China, Empire of › Dynastic rebels › Fujian, Fiefdom of
China › China, Empire of › Dynastic rebels › Great Han dynasty
- Da Han dynasty
China › China, Empire of › Dynastic rebels › Great Shu Kingdom
China › China, Empire of › Dynastic rebels › Great Song dynasty
- Song dynasty
China › China, Empire of › Dynastic rebels › Great Yan State
- Yan dynasty
China › China, Empire of › Dynastic rebels › Great Zhong State
China › China, Empire of › Dynastic rebels › Great Zhou dynasty
- Da Zhou dynasty
China › China, Empire of › Dynastic rebels › Kewang dynasty
- Kewang dynasty
China › China, Empire of › Dynastic rebels › Shun dynasty
- Shun dynasty
China › China, Empire of › Dynastic rebels › Taiping Heavenly Kingdom
- House of Hong
China › China, Empire of › Dynastic rebels › Tianwan Kingdom
- Tianwan dynasty
China › China, Empire of › Dynastic rebels › Xi dynasty
- Xi dynasty
China › China, Empire of › Later Jin dynasty
- Later Jin dynasty
China › China, Empire of › Tatar dynasties › Eastern Xia Kingdom
China › China, Empire of › Tatar dynasties › Great Jin
China › China, Empire of › Tatar dynasties › Liao dynasty
China › China, Empire of › Tatar dynasties › Qi, Jin puppet state of
- Qi dynasty
China › China, Empire of › Tatar dynasties › Western Xia Empire
China › China, Empire of › Ten Kingdoms › Former Shu Kingdom
- Former Shu dynasty
China › China, Empire of › Ten Kingdoms › Later Shu Kingdom
- Later Shu dynasty
China › China, Empire of › Ten Kingdoms › Ma Chu Kingdom
- Chu Hanedanı
China › China, Empire of › Ten Kingdoms › Min Kingdom
China › China, Empire of › Ten Kingdoms › Southern Han Kingdom
- Southern Han dynasty
China › China, Empire of › Ten Kingdoms › Southern Tang Kingdom
- Xu Zhigao (937)
- Southern Tang dynasty
China › China, Empire of › Xinjiang region › Kucha region
- Tang dynasty
China › China, Empire of › Xinjiang region › South Xinjiang
China › China, Empire of › Xinjiang region › Turkestan Khanate
China › China, Empire of › Yunnan-Guizhou tribes
- Ming dynasty
China › China, Japanese puppet states in › Amoy Island
China › China, Japanese puppet states in › China, Provisional Government of the Republic of
China › China, Japanese puppet states in › China, Reformed Government of the Republic of
China › China, Japanese puppet states in › East Hebei
China › China, Japanese puppet states in › Manchukuo
China › China, Japanese puppet states in › Meng Chiang
China › China, People's Republic of
China › China, Republic of
China › Chinese provinces › Anhwei Province
- Province of the Qing dynasty
China › Chinese provinces › Chekiang Province
- Province of the Qing dynasty
- Province of the Republic of China (1912-1955)
China › Chinese provinces › Chihli Province
- Province of the Qing dynasty
China › Chinese provinces › Fengtien Province
- Province of the Qing dynasty
- Province of the Republic of China (1912-1949)
China › Chinese provinces › Fukien Province
- Province of the Qing dynasty
- Province of the Republic of China (1912-1949)
China › Chinese provinces › Heilungkiang Province
- Province of the Qing dynasty
China › Chinese provinces › Honan Province
- Province of the Qing dynasty
- Province of the Republic of China (1912-1949)
China › Chinese provinces › Hunan Province
- Province of the Qing dynasty
- Province of the Republic of China (1912-1949)
- Province of the Empire of China
China › Chinese provinces › Hupeh Province
- Province of the Qing dynasty
- Province of the Republic of China (1912-1949)
- Province of the Empire of China
China › Chinese provinces › Kansu Province
China › Chinese provinces › Kiangnan Province
- Province of the Qing dynasty
China › Chinese provinces › Kiangsi Province
- Province of the Qing dynasty
- Chinese Revolution (1911-1912)
- Province of the Republic of China (1912-1949)
China › Chinese provinces › Kiangsu Province › Chingkiang, City of
- Qing Hanedanlığı Şehri
China › Chinese provinces › Kiangsu Province
- Province of the Qing dynasty
China › Chinese provinces › Kiangsu Province › Shanghai, City of
- Qing Hanedanlığı Şehri
China › Chinese provinces › Kirin Province
- Province of the Qing dynasty
China › Chinese provinces › Kwangsi Province
- Province of the Qing dynasty
- Province of the Republic of China (1912-1949)
China › Chinese provinces › Kwangtung Province
- Province of the Qing dynasty
- Province of the Republic of China (1912-1949)
China › Chinese provinces › Kweichow Province
- Province of the Qing dynasty
- Province of the Republic of China (1912-1949)
China › Chinese provinces › Manchurian Provinces
- Province of the Qing dynasty
- Province of the Republic of China (1912-1949)
China › Chinese provinces › Shansi Province
- Province of the Qing dynasty
- Province of the Republic of China (1912-1949)
China › Chinese provinces › Shantung Province
- Province of the Qing dynasty
- Province of the Republic of China (1912-1949)
- Warlord Era
China › Chinese provinces › Shensi Province
- Province of the Qing dynasty
- Province of the Republic of China (1912-1949)
China › Chinese provinces › Sinkiang Province › First East Turkestan Republic
China › Chinese provinces › Sinkiang Province
- Qing reconquest
- Region of the Qing dynasty
- Province of the Qing dynasty
- Province of the Republic of China (1912-1949)
- Province of the Empire of China
China › Chinese provinces › Suiyuan Province
China › Chinese provinces › Szechuan Province
- Province of the Qing dynasty
- Province of the Republic of China (1912-1949)
China › Chinese provinces › Taiwan Province
- Province of the Qing dynasty
China › Chinese provinces › Yunnan Province
- Province of the Qing dynasty
- Province of the Republic of China (1912-1949)
China › Hong Kong
- İngiliz kolonisi
- Windsor Hanedanı
- İngiliz kolonisi
- Special Administrative Region (1997-date)
China › Kiau Chau
- House of Hohenzollern
China › Macau
- Portuguese Administration
- Çin Yönetimi
China › Soviet China
China › Soviet China China › Tibet
Christiania
Christmas Adası
Colombia
- New Kingdom of Granada, House of Habsburg
- New Kingdom of Granada, House of Bourbon
- Viceroyalty of New Granada, House of Bourbon
- Gran Colombia (1819-1831)
- Republic of New Granada (1831-1858)
- Granadine Confederation (1858-1863)
- United States of New Granada (1860-1861)
- United States of Colombia (1863-1886)
- Cumhuriyet (1886-date)
Colombia › Colombian states
Comoro Islands
Comoro Islands › Comoros
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
Congo, Democratic Republic of the › Katanga
- State of Katanga
Congo, Republic of the
Cook Islands
- Hanover Hanedanı
- Windsor Hanedanı
Crimea, Khanate of
- Giray dynasty
- Hajji I Giray (1441-1466)
- Nur Devlet Giray (1466-1468, 1475-1478)
- Mengli I Giray (1466, 1468-1475, 1478-1515)
- Mehmed I Giray (1515-1523)
- Saadet I Giray (1523-1532)
- Sahib I Giray (1532-1550)
- Devlet Giray I (1550-1577)
- Mehmed II Giray (1577-1584)
- Islam II Giray (1584-1588)
- Ghazi II Giray (1588-1607)
- Salamat Giray (1608-1610)
- Jani Beg Giray (1610-1623,1628-1635)
- Mehmed III Giray (1623-1628)
- Inayat Giray (1635-1637)
- Bahadur I Giray (1637-1641)
- Mehmed IV Giray (1641-1644, 1654-1666)
- Islam III Giray (1644-1654)
- Adil Giray (1666-1671)
- Selim I Giray (1671-1678, 1684-1691, 1692-169)
- Murad Giray (1678-1683)
- Saadet III Giray (1691)
- Safa Giray (1691-1692)
- Devlet II Giray (1699-1702, 1709-1713)
- Ghazi III Giray (1704-1707)
- Qaplan I Giray (1707-1708, 1713-1715, 1730-173)
- Saadet IV Giray (1717-1724)
- Mengli II Giray (1724-1730, 1737-1740)
- Fath II Giray (1736-1737)
- Salamat II Giray (1740-1743)
- Selim II Giray (1743-1748)
- Arslan Giray (1748-1756, 1767)
- Halim Giray (1756-1758)
- Qirim Giray (1758-1764, 1768-1769)
- Selim III Giray (1765-1767, 1770-1771)
- Maqsud Giray (1767-1768)
- Devlet IV Giray (1769-1770, 1775-1777)
- Qaplan II Giray (1770)
- Sahib II Giray (1771-1775)
- Shahin Giray (1777-1783)
Croatia › Croatia, Independent State of
Croatia › Croatian States › Fiume, Free state of
Croatia › Croatian States › Ragusa, Republic of
Croatia › Croatian States › Zagreb, City of
Croatia › Croatian States › Zara, City of
Croatia › Croatian States › Zrinsky, Counts of
Croatia › Serbian Krajina, Republic of
Crusader and Christian states in the Eastern Mediterranean › Antioch, Principality of
- Bohemond I of Taranto (1099-1101)
- Tancred, Prince of Galilee (1101-1103, 1104-1112)
- Roger of Salerno (1112-1119)
- Bohemond II (1126-1130)
- Raymond of Poitier (1136-1149)
- Bohemond III (1149-1163)
- Bohemond III (1163-1201)
- Bohemond IV (1201-1216, 1219-1233)
- Raymond Roupen (1216-1219)
- Bohemond V (1230-1250)
Crusader and Christian states in the Eastern Mediterranean › Catalan colonies › Athens, Duchy of
Crusader and Christian states in the Eastern Mediterranean › Catalan colonies › Neopatras, Duchy of
Crusader and Christian states in the Eastern Mediterranean › Cilician Armenia
- House of Rubenids
- House of Hethumids
- House of Lusignan
- House of Neghir
- Leo the Usurper (1362-1365)
- House of Neghir
- House of Lusignan
Crusader and Christian states in the Eastern Mediterranean › Cyprus, Kingdom of
- Richard I (1191-1192)
- Guy of Lusignan (1192-1194)
- Aimery (1194-1205)
- Hugh I (1205-1218)
- Henry I (1218-1253)
- Hugh III (1267-1286)
- Tenagure (1284-1285)
- Henry II (1285-1306)
- Amaury II (1310)
- Henry II (1310-1324)
- Hugh IV (1324-1359)
- Peter I (1359-1369)
- Peter II (1369-1382)
- James I (1382-1398)
- Janus (1398-1432)
- 2. John (1432-1458)
- Charlotte (1458-1463)
- Louis of Savoy (1459-1461)
- James II (1463-1473)
- Catherine Cornaro (1473-1474)
- James III (1473-1474)
- Catherine Cornaro (1474-1489)
Crusader and Christian states in the Eastern Mediterranean › Edessa, County of
Crusader and Christian states in the Eastern Mediterranean › Frankish Greece › Achaea, Principality of
- William II of Villehardouin (1245-1278)
- Charles I of Anjou (1278-1285)
- Charles II (1285-1289)
- Florent of Hainaut (1289-1297)
- Isabelle of Villehardouin (1297-1301)
- Philip of Savoy (1301-1306)
- Philip II of Taranto (1306-1313)
- Louis of Burgundy (1313-1316)
- Ferdinand of Majorca (1315-1316)
- Matilda of Hainaut (1316-1318)
- John of Gravina (1318-1333)
- Robert II of Taranto (1333-1364)
Crusader and Christian states in the Eastern Mediterranean › Frankish Greece › Carytaena, Barony of
Crusader and Christian states in the Eastern Mediterranean › Frankish Greece › Latin Empire of Constantinople
Crusader and Christian states in the Eastern Mediterranean › Frankish Greece › Negroponte, Triarchy of
Crusader and Christian states in the Eastern Mediterranean › Frankish Greece › Rhodes, Order of the knights of
- Leon Gabalas (1233-1240)
- Hélion de Villeneuve (1319-1346)
- Dieudonné de Gozon (1346-1353)
- Peter of Corneillan (1353-1355)
- Roger of Pins (1355-1365)
- Raymond Berenger (1365-1374)
- Robert of Juliac (1374-1376)
- John Fernandez of Heredia (1376-1396)
- Philibert of Naillac (1396-1421)
- Anthony Flavian of Ripa (1421-1437)
- John of Lastic (1437-1454)
- James of Milly (1454-1461)
- Peter Raymond Zacosta (1461-1467)
- John Baptist Orsini (1467-1476)
- Peter of Aubusson (1476-1503)
- Emery of Amboise (1503-1512)
- Guy of Blanchefort (1512-1513)
- Fabrizio of Carretto (1513-1521)
- Martin Garzez (1595-1601)
Crusader and Christian states in the Eastern Mediterranean › Frankish Greece › Salona, County of
Crusader and Christian states in the Eastern Mediterranean › Frankish Greece › Thessalonica, Kingdom of
Crusader and Christian states in the Eastern Mediterranean › Genoese colonies › Caffa, City of
Crusader and Christian states in the Eastern Mediterranean › Genoese colonies › Chios, Lordship of
- Martino Zaccaria (1324-1329)
- Maona of Chios and Phocaea (1346-1566)
- Philip Maria Visconti (1421-1436)
- Thomas of Campofregoso (1437-1442)
- John I of Campfregoso (1447-1448)
- Galeazzo Maria Sforza (1466-1476)
- Battista Giustiniani of Campis (1487-1488)
- Giambattista Giustiniano (1507-1521)
- Francis of Lawrence Giustiniani (1519-1521)
- Dominic Giustiniani Campi (1529)
- Lazarus Giustiniani (1548)
Crusader and Christian states in the Eastern Mediterranean › Genoese colonies › Lesbos (Mytilene), Lordship of
Crusader and Christian states in the Eastern Mediterranean › Genoese colonies › Phocaea, Lordship of
Crusader and Christian states in the Eastern Mediterranean › Jerusalem, Kingdom of › Beirut, Lordship of
Crusader and Christian states in the Eastern Mediterranean › Jerusalem, Kingdom of › Damietta, City of
Crusader and Christian states in the Eastern Mediterranean › Jerusalem, Kingdom of
- House of Boulogne
- House of Rethel
- Anjou Hanedanı
- Houses of Aleramici and Brienne
Crusader and Christian states in the Eastern Mediterranean › Jerusalem, Kingdom of › Sidon, Lordship of
Crusader and Christian states in the Eastern Mediterranean › Jerusalem, Kingdom of › Tyre, Lordship of
Crusader and Christian states in the Eastern Mediterranean › Tripoli, County of
Crusader and Christian states in the Eastern Mediterranean › Venetian colonies › Archipelago, Duchy of the
Crusader and Christian states in the Eastern Mediterranean › Venetian colonies › Candia, Kingdom of
- Venetian Colony (1205-1669)
- Andrea Dandolo (1342-1354)
- Marino Faliero (1354-1355)
- Giovanni Gradenigo (1355-1356)
- Giovanni Dolfin (1356-1361)
- Lorenzo Celsi (1361-1365)
- Marco Cornaro (1365-1367)
- Andrea Contarini (1367-1382)
- Michele Morosini (1382)
- Anthony Venier (1382-1400)
- Michele Steno (1400-1413)
- Tommaso Mocenigo (1413-1423)
- Francesco Foscari (1423-1457)
- Cristoforo Moro (1462-1471)
- Agostino Barbarigo (1486-1501)
- Giovanni I Cornaro (1624-1630)
Crusader and Christian states in the Eastern Mediterranean › Venetian colonies › Tinos and Mykonos, Lordship of
Cuba
- Küba Genel Kaptanlığı, Bourbon Hanedanı
- House of Savoy
- Küba Genel Kaptanlığı, Bourbon Hanedanı
- First Republic (1902-1906, 1909-1959)
- 26th of July Movement (1955-1965)
- Second Republic (1959-date)
Cyprus
- Venetian Cyprus
- Victoria (1879-1901)
- Edward VII (1901-1910)
- George V (1910-1936)
- Windsor Hanedanı
- Cumhuriyet (1960-date)
Cyprus › Famagusta, City of
Czech Republic › Bohemia and Moravia
Czech Republic
Czechoslovakia
Denmark
- Jelling Dynasty
- Magnus the Good (1042-1047)
- House of Estridsen
- Sweyn II (1047-1076)
- Harold III the Soft (1076-1080)
- Canute IV the Holy (1080-1086)
- Olaf I Hunger (1086-1095)
- Eric I Evergood (1095-1103)
- Niels (1104-1134)
- Eric II (1134-1137)
- Eric III (1137-1146)
- Sweyn III Grathe (1146-1157)
- Valdemar I the Great (1154-1182)
- Canute VI (1182-1202)
- Valdemar II (1202-1241)
- Eric IV "Ploughpenny" (1241-1250)
- Abel Valdemarsen (1250-1252)
- Christopher I (1252-1259)
- Eric V Klipping (1259-1286)
- Eric VI Menved (1286-1319)
- Christopher II (1320-1326, 1329-1332)
- Valdemar III (1326-1339)
- Valdemar IV Atterdag (1340-1375)
- Olaf II (1376-1386)
- Margaret I (1376-1412)
- House of Griffin
- House of Palatinate-Neumarkt
- Interregnum (1448)
- Interregnum/Riksråd of 1448 (1448)
- House of Oldenburg
- 1. Cristian (1448-1481)
- Tenagure (1481-1513)
- Christian II (1513-1523)
- Frederick I (1523-1533)
- Christian III (1534-1559)
- Frederick II (1559-1588)
- Christian IV (1588-1648)
- Frederick III (1648-1670)
- Christian V (1670-1699)
- Frederick IV (1699-1730)
- Christian VI (1730-1746)
- Frederick V (1746-1766)
- Christian VII (1766-1808)
- Frederick VI (1808-1839)
- Christian VIII (1839-1848)
- Frederick VII (1848-1863)
- House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
Denmark › Faroe Islands
- House of Oldenburg
- House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
Denmark › Glückstadt, City of
Denmark › Greenland
- House of Oldenburg
- House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
Denmark › Roskilde, Bishopric of
Djibouti
Djibouti › Djibouti (notgeld)
Dominica
Dominican Republic › Dominican Republic (1844-date)
Dominican Republic › Santo Domingo (1492-1821)
East Africa
Eastern Caribbean States
Eastern Caribbean States- Windsor Hanedanı
Ecuador
Egypt
- Eyalet of Egypt
- Selim I (1517-1520)
- Süleyman (1.) (1520-1566)
- Selim II the Blond (1566-1574)
- Murad III (1574-1595)
- 3. Mehmet (1595-1603)
- Ahmed I (1603-1617)
- Mustafa I (1617-1618, 1622-1623)
- Osman II (1618-1622)
- Murad IV (1623-1640)
- Ibrahim I (1640-1648)
- Mehmed IV (1648-1687)
- Suleiman II (1687-1691)
- Ahmed II (1691-1695)
- Mustafa II (1695-1703)
- Ahmed III (1703-1730)
- Mahmud I (1730-1754)
- Osman III (1754-1757)
- Mustafa III (1757-1774)
- Ali Bey al-Kabir (1769-1771)
- Eyalet of Egypt
- French occupation (1798-1801)
- Eyalet of Egypt
- Mısır Hidivliği
- Sultanate of Egypt, Muhammad Ali dynasty
- Mısır Krallığı
- Cumhuriyet (1953-1958)
- United Arab Republic (1958-1971)
- Arab Republic of Egypt (1971-date)
Egypt (ancient)
- Thirtieth dynasty
Egypt (ancient) › Ptolemaic Kingdom (305 MÖ - 30 MÖ) › Ptolemaic Kingdom
- Argead Hanedanı
- Ptolemy I Soter (M.Ö. 323'ten 305/304'e)
- Ptolemy I Soter (305 MÖ - 282 MÖ)
- Arsinoe II (285 MÖ - 246 MÖ)
- Ptolemy II Philadelphus (285 MÖ - 246 MÖ)
- Ptolemy III Euergetes (246 MÖ - 222 MÖ)
- Berenice II (246 MÖ - 221 MÖ)
- Arsinoe III (221 MÖ - 203 MÖ)
- Ptolemy IV Philopator (221 MÖ - 203 MÖ)
- Ptolemy V Epiphanes (203 MÖ - 181 MÖ)
- Ptolemy VI Philometor (181 MÖ - 145 MÖ)
- Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator (145 MÖ - 144 MÖ)
- Ptolemy VIII Physcon (145 MÖ - 116 MÖ)
- Ptolemy IX Soter II (116 MÖ - 107 MÖ)
- Cleopatra III (116 MÖ - 101 MÖ)
- Berenice II Philopator (107 MÖ - 88 MÖ)
- Ptolemy X Alexander I (107 MÖ - 88 MÖ)
- Ptolemy IX Soter II (88 MÖ - 81 MÖ)
- Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos (80 MÖ - 58 MÖ)
- Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos (55 MÖ - 51 MÖ)
- Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator (51 MÖ - 47 MÖ)
- Cleopatra VII Philopator (51 MÖ - 30 MÖ)
- Ptolemy XV Caesarion (44 MÖ - 30 MÖ)
Enclava, Kingdom of
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Eritrea › Italian Eritrea
Estonia › Estonia, Danish › Ösel-Wiek, Bishopric of
Estonia › Estonia, Swedish › Narva, City of
- House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken
Estonia › Estonia, Swedish › Reval, City of
- House of Vasa
- House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken
Eswatini › Eswatini, Kingdom of (2018-date)
Eswatini › Swaziland, Kingdom of (1968-2018)
Ethiopia
Ethiopia › Harar, Emirate of
Fiji
Finland
- Grand Duchy of Finland, House of Romanov
- Provisional Government (1917-1919)
- Cumhuriyet (1919-date)
France
- Kapetyan Hanedanı
- Hugh Capet (987-996)
- Robert II (996-1031)
- Henry I (1031-1060)
- Philip I (1060-1108)
- Louis VI (1108-1137)
- Louis VII (1137-1180)
- Philip II Augustus (1180-1223)
- Louis VIII (1223-1226)
- Louis IX (1226-1270)
- Philip III (1270-1285)
- Philip IV (1285-1314)
- Louis X (1314-1316)
- Tenagure (1316)
- Philip V (1316-1322)
- Charles IV (1322-1328)
- House of Valois
- House of Plantagenet
- House of Valois
- House of Lancaster
- House of Valois
- Wars of Religion (1562-1598)
- House of Valois
- House of Bourbon
- Catholic League (1589-1596)
- House of Bourbon
- Huguenot rebellions (1621-1629)
- House of Bourbon
- Modern France
- First Republic (1792-1804)
- Napoleon I (1804-1814, 1815)
- Louis XVIII (1814-1815, 1815-1824)
- Charles X (1824-1830)
- Louis Philippe I (1830-1848)
- Henry of Artois (claimant) (1844-1883)
- Second Republic (1848-1852)
- Napoleon III (1852-1870)
- Third Republic (1870-1940)
- Napoleon IV (1873-1879)
- French State (1940-1944)
- Provisional Government of the French Republic (1944-1946)
- Fourth Republic (1946-1958)
- Fifth Republic (1958-date)
France › France, Overseas › France and Bonaparte, Islands of
France › France, Overseas › French Guiana
France › France, Overseas › French Polynesia
France › France, Overseas › French West Indies
France › France, Overseas › Guadeloupe
France › France, Overseas › Martinique
France › France, Overseas › New Caledonia
France › France, Overseas › Réunion
France › France, Overseas › Saint Barthelemy
France › France, Overseas › Saint-Pierre and Miquelon
France › France, Overseas › Windward Islands
- French colony
France › French notgeld
France › French notgeld › Bas-Rhin, Department of › Strasbourg, Commune of
France › French States
France › French States › Aire-sur-la-Lys, City under siege of
- House of Bourbon
- Philip IV (1621-1665)
France › French States › Albi, Viscounty of
France › French States › Amiens, Bishopric of
France › French States › Amiens, County of
- House of Valois-Vexin-Amiens
France › French States › Anduze and Sauve, Lordship of
France › French States › Angoulême, County of
France › French States › Anjou, County of
France › French States › Aquitaine, Duchy of
- William VIII (1058-1086)
- William IX (1086-1126)
- William X (1126-1137)
- Louis VII (1137-1152)
- Henry I (1152-1169)
- Richard I (1169-1189)
- Edward I (1252-1306)
- Edward II (1306-1325)
- Edward III (1325-1362,1372-1377)
- Edward of Woodstock (1362-1372)
- Richard II (1377-1399)
- Henry IV (1399-1413)
- Henry V (1413-1422)
- Henry VI (1422-1453)
- Charles of France (1469-1472)
France › French States › Arches-Charleville, Principality of
France › French States › Arlay, Lordship of
France › French States › Arles, Archbishopric of
France › French States › Arleux, Lordship of
France › French States › Artois, County of
- Robert II (1250-1302)
- Mahaut (1302-1329)
- Habsburg Hanedanı
France › French States › Auvergne, County of
France › French States › Auxerre, County of
France › French States › Bar
- County of Bar
- Duchy of Bar
France › French States › Béarn, Lordship of
- House of Foix
- House of Albret
- House of Bourbon
France › French States › Beaugency, Lordship of
France › French States › Beaumont, Lordship of
France › French States › Beauvais, Bishopric of
France › French States › Bergerac, Lordship of
France › French States › Besançon, Archbishopric of
France › French States › Besançon, Free imperial city of
- Emperors of the Holy Roman Empire
- 2. Filip (1556-1598)
France › French States › Bethune, Lordship of
France › French States › Béziers, Viscounty of
France › French States › Blois, County of
France › French States › Boisbelle-Henrichemont, Principality of
France › French States › Bonifacio, City of
France › French States › Bordeaux, County of
France › French States › Bouillon
- Lordship of Bouillon
- Duchy of Bouillon
France › French States › Boulogne, County of
France › French States › Bourbon, Lordship of
France › French States › Brittany, Duchy of
France › French States › Brittany, Duchy of- Alain III (1008-1040)
- Odo I of Penthièvre (1040-1047)
- Conan II (1047-1066)
- Hoël II (1066-1084)
- Alain IV (1084-1112)
- Conan III (1112-1148)
- Odo II (1148-1156)
- Conan IV (1156-1166)
- Geoffrey II (1169-1186)
- 2. Filip (1206-1213)
- Tenagure (1237-1286)
- 2. John (1286-1305)
- Arthur II (1305-1312)
- John III (1312-1341)
- John of Montfort (pretender) (1341-1345)
- Charles (1341-1364)
- John IV (1345-1399)
- John V (1399-1442)
- Francis I (1442-1450)
- Peter II (1450-1457)
- Arthur III (1457-1458)
- Francis II (1458-1488)
- Anne (1488-1491,1498-1499)
France › French States › Brosse, Viscounty of
France › French States › Burgundy, County of
France › French States › Burgundy, Duchy of
France › French States › Cambrai, Bishopric of
- William of Avesnes (1285-1296)
- Guy of Colmieu (1295-1306)
- Philip of Marigny (1306-1309)
- Peter III of Mirepoix (1309-1324)
- Guy IV of Ventadour (1342-1349)
- Peter IV (1349-1368)
- Robert II of Geneva (1368-1371)
- Gerard III (1372-1378)
- Maximilian of Berghes (1556-1562)
- Maximilian of Berghes (1562-1570)
- Louis of Berlaymont (1570-1596)
France › French States › Cambrai, City under siege of
France › French States › Carcassonne
France › French States › Chalon, County of
France › French States › Châlons, Bishopric of
France › French States › Champagne and Brie, County of
France › French States › Charenton, Lordship of
France › French States › Chartres, County of
France › French States › Château-Regnault, Principality of
France › French States › Châteaudun, Viscounty of
France › French States › Châteaumeillant, Lordship of
France › French States › Chiny, County of
France › French States › Corbie, Abbey of
France › French States › Cornouaille, County of
France › French States › Corsica
- Korsika Krallığı
- Korsika Cumhuriyeti
France › French States › Coucy, Lordship of
France › French States › Crèvecoeur, Lordship of
France › French States › Déols, Lordship of
France › French States › Dombes, Principality of
- House of Bourbon
- House of Bourbon-Montpensier
- House of Orléans
France › French States › Dreux, County of
France › French States › Embrun, Bishopric of
France › French States › Embrun, County of
France › French States › Evreux, County of
France › French States › Fauquembergues, Lordship of
France › French States › Fénétrange, Lordship of
France › French States › Fezensac, County of
France › French States › Forcalquier, County of
France › French States › Gien, County of
France › French States › Gorze, Abbey of
France › French States › Grenoble, Bishopric of
France › French States › Hagenau, City of
- Emperors of the Holy Roman Empire
France › French States › Hainaut, County of
- Reginar V (1013-1039)
- Joan of Constantinople (1205-1244)
- Margaret I of Constantinople (1244-1253,1257-1280)
- Tenagure (1253-1257)
- 2. John (1280-1304)
- William I (1304-1337)
- William II (1337-1345)
- Margaret II (1345-1356)
- William III "the foolish" of Bavaria (1356-1389)
- Albert of Bavaria (1389-1404)
- William IV of Bavaria (1404-1417)
- Jacqueline of Bavaria (1417-1433)
- John of Brabant (1418-1425)
- Philip III (1425-1467)
- 2. Filip (1556-1598)
France › French States › Huriel, Lordship of
France › French States › Issoudun, Lordship of
France › French States › Jametz, Lordship of
France › French States › La Marche, County of
France › French States › Langres, Bishopric of
France › French States › Laon, Bishopric of
France › French States › Ligny, County of
France › French States › Limoges, Viscounty of
France › French States › Lomagne, Viscounty of
France › French States › Lorraine, Duchy of
- Adalbert (1047-1048)
- Gerard (1048-1070)
- Theodoric II (1070-1115)
- Simon I (1115-1139)
- Matthias I (1139-1176)
- Bertha (1176-1195)
- Simon II (1176-1205)
- Frederick I (1205-1206)
- Frederick II (1205-1213)
- Theobald I (1213-1220)
- Matthias II (1220-1251)
- Frederick III (1251-1303)
- Theobald II (1303-1312)
- Frederick IV (1312-1328)
- 2. Rudolf (1328-1346)
- Mary of Châtillon (1346-1365)
- Tenagure (1346-1390)
- Charles II (1390-1431)
- Isabelle (1431-1453)
- René I (1431-1453)
- 2. John (1453-1470)
- Nicholas I (1470-1473)
- René II (1473-1508)
- Anthony (1508-1544)
- Francis I (1544-1545)
- Charles III (1545-1608)
- Nicolas (1552-1559)
- Henry II (1608-1624)
- Nicole of Lorraine (1624-1634)
- Charles IV (1624-1634,1661-1670)
- Francis II (1625-1632)
- Nicholas Francis (1634-1637)
- Leopold (1697-1729)
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France › French States › Toulouse, County of
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Germany › German States › Bamberg, City of
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- Arnulf I (907-937)
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- Frederick II (1486-1515)
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Germany › German States › Brandenburg-Bayreuth, Margraviate of
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Germany › German States › Breisach, City of
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- Egino V (1218-1236)
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Germany › German States › Bremen-Verden, Duchy under Swedish possession of
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Germany › German States › Bremen, Archbishopric of
- Adalbert (1043-1072)
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Germany › German States › Bremen, City of
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Germany › German States › Brunswick, City of
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Germany › German States › Brunswick, Duchy of
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- Bruno (953-965)
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- William of Gennep (1349-1362)
- Adolphus II (1363-1364)
- Kuno of Falkenstein (1363-1368)
- Engelbert III (1364-1368)
- Kuno of Falkenstein (1368-1371)
- Kuno of Falkenstein (1369-1370)
- Frederick III of Saarwerden (1371-1414)
- Rhineland Monetary Union (1385-1583)
- Theodoric II of Moers (1414-1463)
- Rupert of the Palatinate (1463-1480)
- Herman IV of Hesse (1475-1480)
- Herman IV of Hesse (1480-1508)
- Philip II of Daun-Oberstein (1508-1515)
- Herman V of Wied (1515-1547)
- Adolphus of Schaumburg (1547-1556)
- Anthony of Schaumburg (1556-1558)
- Gebhard of Mansfeld (1558-1562)
- Frederick IV of Wied (1562-1567)
- Salentin of Isemburg (1567-1577)
- Gebhard Truchsess of Waldburg (1577-1588)
- Ernest of Bavaria (1583-1612)
- Ferdinand of Bavaria (1612-1650)
- Maximilian Henry of Bavaria (1650-1688)
- Joseph Clemens of Bavaria (1688-1723)
- Clemens August of Bavaria (1723-1761)
- Maximilian Frederick of Königsegg-Rothenfels (1761-1784)
Germany › German States › Cologne, City of
Germany › German States › Constance, Bishopric of
- Solomon III (890-919)
- Louis IV the Child (900-911)
- Rudhart (1018-1022)
- Haimo (1022-1026)
- Warmann of Dillingen (1026-1034)
- Eberhard (1034-1046)
- Hermann of Arbon (1138-1165)
- Diethelm of Krenkingen (1190-1206)
- Werner of Staufen (1206-1209)
- Conrad II of Tegerfelden (1209-1233)
- Henry of Tanne (1233-1248)
- Eberhard II of Waldburg-Thann (1248-1274)
- Henry II of Klingenberg (1293-1306)
- Gerhard of Bevar (1307-1318)
- Rudolph of Montfort (1322-1334)
- Nicholas of Frauenfeld (1334-1344)
- Otto III of Hachberg (1410-1434)
- Hugh of Hohenlandenberg (1496-1530, 1531-1532)
- John George of Hallwyl (1601-1604)
- John Francis Schenk of Stauffenberg (1704-1740)
- Francis Conrad of Rodt (1750-1775)
Germany › German States › Corvey, Abbey of
- Saracho (1056-1071)
- Hermann I of Holte (1223-1253)
- Henry III of Homburg (1275-1306)
- Francis of Ketteler (1504-1547)
- Caspar I of Hörsel (1547-1555)
- Reinhard II of Bocholtz (1555-1585)
- Theoderic IV of Beringhausen (1585-1616)
- Henry V of Aschenbrock (1616-1624)
- John Christopher of Brambach (1624-1638)
- Arnold IV of Waldois (1638-1661)
- Christopher of Bellinghausen (1678-1696)
- Florenz of Welden (1696-1714)
- Maximilian of Horrich (1714-1721)
- Charles of Plittersdorf (1722-1737)
- Caspar II of Böselager (1737-1758)
- Philip of Spiegel zum Desenberg (1758-1776)
- John Charles Theodore of Brabeck (1776-1792)
Germany › German States › Dannenberg, Principality of
Germany › German States › Demmin, City of
Germany › German States › Diepholz, Lordship and County of
Germany › German States › Dömitz, City of
Germany › German States › Donauwörth, Free imperial city of
Germany › German States › Dortmund, City of
Germany › German States › Dülmen, City of
Germany › German States › East Frisia
- East Frisia Chieftains
- County of East Frisia
- Principality of East Frisia
- Kingdom of Prussia
- Kingdom of Hanover
Germany › German States › Eichstätt, Bishopric of
- Heribert (1022-1042)
- Gebhard (1042-1055)
- Gabriel of Eyb (1496-1535)
- Martin of Schaumberg (1560-1590)
- John Conrad of Gemmingen (1595-1612)
- John Christopher of Westerstetten (1612-1637)
- John Eucharius Schenk of Castell (1685-1697)
- John Anton II of Freyberg (1736-1757)
- Raymond Anthony of Strasoldo (1757-1781)
- John Anthony III of Zehmen (1781-1790)
- Joseph of Stubenberg (1791-1824)
Germany › German States › Eilenburg, County of
Germany › German States › Einbeck, City of
Germany › German States › Ellwangen, Prince-provostry of
Germany › German States › Emden, City of
Germany › German States › Erbach, County of
Germany › German States › Erfurt, City of
Germany › German States › Erfurt, State of
Germany › German States › Eschwege, Women's Abbey of
Germany › German States › Essen, Abbey of
Germany › German States › Esslingen, City of
Germany › German States › Falkenstein, County of
Germany › German States › Flensburg, City of
Germany › German States › Franconia, Duchy of
Germany › German States › Franconian Circle
- Free City of Nuremberg (1219-1806)
- Joachim Ernest (1603-1625)
- Christian (1603-1655)
- Philip Adolf of Ehrenberg (1623-1631)
- John George II Fuchs of Dornheim (1623-1633)
- Marquard Sebastian Schenk of Stauffenberg (1683-1693)
- John Gottfried II of Guttenberg (1684-1698)
- George Frederick II (1692-1703)
- Lothair Francis of Schönborn (1693-1729)
- William Frederick (1703-1723)
Germany › German States › Frankfurt an der Oder, City of
Germany › German States › Frankfurt, Free imperial city of
Germany › German States › Freiburg, City of
Germany › German States › Freiburg, County of
Germany › German States › Freising, Bishopric of
Germany › German States › Friedberg, Burgraviate of
- John Brendel of Homburg (1532-1569)
- John Oyger Brendel of Homburg (1570-1577)
- John Eberhard of Kronberg (1577-1617)
- Conrad Löw of Steinfurth (1617-1632)
- John Eitel Diede of Fürstenstein (1655-1685)
- Philip Adolphus of Rau of Holzhausen (1685-1698)
- John Eitel II Diede of Fürstenstein (1745-1748)
- Francis Henry of Dalberg (1755-1776)
- Rudolph Waldbott of Bassenheim (1777-1805)
Germany › German States › Friedland, City of
Germany › German States › Fugger-Babenhausen-Wellenburg, County of
Germany › German States › Fugger-Glött, County of
Germany › German States › Fugger-Nordendorf, County of
Germany › German States › Fugger-Zinnenburg-Wörth, County of
Germany › German States › Fugger, County of
Germany › German States › Fulda, Abbey of
- Erlolf of Bergholz (1114-1122)
- Conrad II (1177-1192)
- Henry III of Kronberg (1192-1216)
- Conrad III of Malkos (1221-1249)
- Henry IV of Erthal (1249-1261)
- Henry V of Weilnau (1288-1313)
- John III of Henneberg-Schleusingen (1529-1541)
- Philip Schenk of Schweinsberg (1541-1550)
- Balthasar of Dernbach (1570-1606)
- Bernard Gustav of Baden-Durlach (1671-1677)
- Placidus of Droste (1678-1700)
- Constantine of Buttlar (1714-1726)
- Adolphus of Dalberg (1726-1737)
- Amand of Buseck (1737-1756)
Germany › German States › Fulda, Bishopric of
Germany › German States › Fürstenberg-Pürglitz, Principality of
Germany › German States › Fürstenberg-Stühlingen, Principality of
Germany › German States › Fürth, City of
Germany › German States › Gandersheim, Abbey of
Germany › German States › Gardelegen, County of
Germany › German States › Göppingen, City of
Germany › German States › Goslar, City of
Germany › German States › Gotha, City of
Germany › German States › Göttingen, City of
Germany › German States › Greifswald, City of
Germany › German States › Gudensberg, County of
Germany › German States › Haag, County of
- House of Fraunberg-Haag
Germany › German States › Halberstadt, Bishopric of
- Arnulf (996-1023)
- Branthog (1023-1036)
- Burchard I (1036-1059)
- Burchard II (1059-1088)
- Reinhard of Blankenburg (1107-1123)
- Gero of Schermke (1160-1177)
- Ulrich of Reinstein (1177-1180)
- Ludolf I of Schladen (1236-1241)
- Magdeburg Başpiskoposları Yönetimi
- Protestant administrators
Germany › German States › Halberstadt, City of
Germany › German States › Halle an der Saale, City of
Germany › German States › Haltern, City of
Germany › German States › Hamburg, Free Hanseatic city of
Germany › German States › Hamelin, City of
Germany › German States › Hamm, City of
Germany › German States › Hammerstein, Burgraviate of
Germany › German States › Hanau-Lichtenberg, County of
Germany › German States › Hanau-Münzenberg, County of
Germany › German States › Hannover, City of
Germany › German States › Hannover, Kingdom of
Germany › German States › Hatzfeld, County of
Germany › German States › Heid and Bleid, Lordship of
Germany › German States › Heilbronn, City of
Germany › German States › Heinsberg, Lordship of
Germany › German States › Helfenstein-Gundelfingen, County of
Germany › German States › Helfenstein-Wiesensteig, County of
Germany › German States › Helmarshausen, Abbey of
Germany › German States › Henneberg-Ilmenau, County of
Germany › German States › Henneberg-Schleusingen, County of
Germany › German States › Henneberg, County of
Germany › German States › Herford, Abbey of
Germany › German States › Herford, City of
Germany › German States › Hersfeld, Abbey of
Germany › German States › Hesse-Cassel
- Landgraviate of Hesse-Cassel
- Electorate of Hesse
Germany › German States › Hesse-Darmstadt
- Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt
- Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt
Germany › German States › Hessen-Homburg, Landgraviate of
Germany › German States › Hessen-Marburg, Landgraviate of
Germany › German States › Hessen, Landgraviate of
Germany › German States › Hildesheim, Bishopric of
- Bernard (993-1022)
- Adelog (1171-1190)
- Berno (1190-1194)
- Hartbert (1199-1216)
- Siegfried of Lichtenberg (1216-1221)
- Conrad II of Riesenberg (1221-1246)
- Henry I of Rusteberg (1246-1257)
- Magnus of Saxony-Lauenburg (1424-1454)
- Ernest of Bavaria (1573-1612)
- Ferdinand of Bavaria (1612-1650)
- Maximilian Henry of Bavaria (1650-1688)
- Justus Edmond of Brabeck (1688-1702)
- Frederick William of Westphalia (1763-1789)
Germany › German States › Hildesheim, City of
Germany › German States › Hohenlohe-Bartenstein
- County of Hohenlohe-Bartenstein
- Principality of Hohenlohe-Bartenstein
Germany › German States › Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen, County of
Germany › German States › Hohenlohe-Kirchberg, County of
Germany › German States › Hohenlohe-Langenburg, County of
Germany › German States › Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Öhringen, County of
Germany › German States › Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Weikersheim, Principality of
Germany › German States › Hohenlohe-Neuenstein, County of
Germany › German States › Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Pfedelbach, County of
Germany › German States › Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schilingfürst, County of
Germany › German States › Hohenlohe-Weikersheim, Lordship of
Germany › German States › Hohenlohe, Joint coinage of
Germany › German States › Hohenzollern-Hechingen, Principality of
Germany › German States › Hohenzollern-Prussia
- House of Hohenzollern
Germany › German States › Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Principality of
Germany › German States › Hohenzollern, County of
Germany › German States › Hohnstein, County of
Germany › German States › Holstein-Schaumburg-Pinneberg, County of
Germany › German States › Holstein-Schaumburg, County of
Germany › German States › Isenburg
- County of Isenburg-Büdingen
- Principality of Isenburg
Germany › German States › Isny, City of
Germany › German States › Itzehoe, City of
Germany › German States › Jever, Lordship of
- Wiemken dynasty
- House of Oldenburg
- House of Ascania
Germany › German States › Jülich
- County of Jülich
- Margraviate of Jülich
- Duchy of Jülich
Germany › German States › Jülich-Berg, Duchy of
Germany › German States › Jülich-Kleve-Berg, United duchies of
- House of Mark
Germany › German States › Katlenburg, County of
Germany › German States › Kaufbeuren, City of
Germany › German States › Kempten, Abbey of
Germany › German States › Kempten, Free city of
Germany › German States › Kiel, City of
Germany › German States › Knyphausen, Dominion of
Germany › German States › Kolberg, City of
Germany › German States › Königsegg-Rothenfels, County of
Germany › German States › Königstein, Counts of
- Eppstein-Königstein
- Stolberg-Königstein
Germany › German States › Konstanz, City of
Germany › German States › Landau, City under siege of
Germany › German States › Lauingen, City of
Germany › German States › Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg, County of
Germany › German States › Leiningen-Dagsburg-Hartenburg, County of
Germany › German States › Leiningen-Westerburg, County of
Germany › German States › Leiningen, County of
Germany › German States › Leuchtenberg, Landgraviate of
Germany › German States › Leutkirch, City of
Germany › German States › Limburg, County of
Germany › German States › Lindau, City of
Germany › German States › Lippe
- Lordship of Lippe
- County of Lippe
- County of Lippe-Detmold
- Principality of Lippe
Germany › German States › Lorsch, Abbey of
Germany › German States › Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort
- County of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort
- Principality of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort
Germany › German States › Löwenstein-Wertheim-Virneburg, County of
Germany › German States › Lower Bavaria, Duchy of
Germany › German States › Lübeck, Bishopric of
Germany › German States › Lübeck, Free Hanseatic city of
Germany › German States › Lüneburg, City of
Germany › German States › Magdeburg, Archbishopric of
- Gisilher (981-1004)
- Humfrid (1023-1051)
- Hartwig of Sponheim (1079-1102)
- Henry I of Assel (1102-1107)
- Adalgod of Veltheim (1107-1119)
- Norbert of Xanten (1126-1134)
- Conrad I of Querfurt (1134-1142)
- Frederick I of Wettin (1142-1152)
- Wichmann of Seeburg (1152-1192)
- Ludolf of Kroppenstedt (1192-1205)
- Albert I of Käfernburg (1205-1232)
- Burchard I of Woldenberg (1232-1235)
- Wilbrand of Käfernburg (1235-1254)
- Rudolf of Dingelstädt (1254-1260)
- Rupert of Querfurt (1260-1266)
- Burkhard II of Blankenburg (1295-1305)
- Albert III of Querfurt (1382-1403)
- Frederick III of Beichlingen (1445-1464)
- John II of Palatinate-Simmern (1464-1475)
- Ernest of Saxony (1475-1513)
- Albert of Brandenburg (1513-1545)
- Joachim Frederick of Brandenburg (1566-1598)
- Christian William of Brandenburg (1598-1631)
- Augustus of Saxe-Weissenfels (1638-1680)
Germany › German States › Magdeburg, City of
Germany › German States › Mainz, Archbishopric of
- Willigis (975-1011)
- Aribo (1021-1031)
- Bardo (1031-1051)
- Luitpold I (1051-1059)
- Siegfried I (1060-1084)
- Wezilo (1084-1088)
- Ruthard (1088-1109)
- Adalbert I (1111-1137)
- Henry I (1142-1153)
- 1. Cristian (1160-1161, 1167-1183)
- Conrad I (1161-1165, 1183-1200)
- Siegfried II (1208-1230)
- Siegfried III (1231-1249)
- Werner (1259-1284)
- Henry I of Hesse (1263-1308)
- Henry III (1328-1337)
- Gerlach of Nassau (1346-1371)
- John of Luxembourg-Ligny (1371-1373)
- Adolphus of Nassau (1373-1374)
- Adolphus I (1381-1390)
- Rhineland Monetary Union (1385-1583)
- Conrad II (1390-1396)
- 2. John (1397-1419)
- Conrad III (1419-1434)
- Theodoric I (1434-1459)
- Theodoric II (1459-1463, 1475-1482)
- Adolphus II (1462-1475)
- Bertold (1484-1504)
- Jacob of Liebenstein (1504-1508)
- Uriel of Gemmingen (1508-1514)
- Albert of Brandenbourg (1514-1545)
- Daniel Brendel of Homburg (1555-1582)
- Wolfgang of Dalberg (1582-1601)
- John Adam of Bicken (1601-1604)
- Johann Schweikhard von Kronberg (1604-1626)
- George Frederick of Greiffenklau (1626-1629)
- Anselm Casimir Wambold of Umstadt (1629-1647)
- Gustavus II Adolphus (1631-1632)
- John Philip of Schönborn (1647-1673)
- Lothar Frederick of Metternich-Burscheid (1673-1675)
- Damian Hartard of the Leyen-Hohengeroldseck (1675-1678)
- Charles Henry of Metternich-Winneburg (1679)
- Anselm Francis of Ingelheim (1679-1695)
- Lothar Francis of Schönborn (1694-1729)
- Francis Louis of Pfalz-Neuburg (1729-1732)
- Philip Charles of Eltz-Kempenich (1732-1743)
- John Frederick Charles of Ostein (1743-1763)
- Emmerick Joseph of Breidbach of Bürresheim (1763-1774)
- Frederick Charles Joseph of Erthal (1774-1802)
Germany › German States › Mainz, City of
Germany › German States › Mansfeld-Artern, County of
Germany › German States › Mansfeld-Bornstedt, County of
- Bruno II (1546-1615)
- Justus II (1579-1619)
- John George IV (1585-1615)
- Volrad VI (1585-1615)
- William I (1586-1615)
- Bruno III (1615-1638)
- Joachim Frederick (1615-1638)
- Philip III (1615-1638)
- Wolfgang III (1615-1638)
- John George II (1631-1638)
- Charles Adam (1638-1662)
- Henry Francis (1662-1715)
- Francis Maximilian (1662-1717)
- Tenagure (1717-1780)
- Francis Gundaker (1788-1806)
Germany › German States › Mansfeld-Eisleben, County of
- Günther II (1416-1475)
- Gebhard VI (1433-1492)
- Volrad III (1450-1499)
- John Ernest I (1531-1575)
- John George I (1531-1579)
- John Hoyer II (1531-1585)
- John Albert VI (1531-1586)
- Peter Ernest I (1531-1604)
- Bruno II (1546-1615)
- Christopher II (1558-1591)
- Justus II (1579-1619)
- Volrad VI (1585-1627)
- Wolfgang III (1615-1638)
- Bruno III (1615-1644)
- John George II (1619-1647)
- John George III (1647-1710)
Germany › German States › Mansfeld-Friedeburg, County of
Germany › German States › Mansfeld-Hinterort, County of
Germany › German States › Mansfeld-Schraplau, County of
Germany › German States › Mansfeld-Vorderort, County of
Germany › German States › Mansfeld, County of
Germany › German States › Mark, County of
Germany › German States › Marsberg, City of
Germany › German States › Mecklenburg-Güstrow, Duchy of
Germany › German States › Mecklenburg-Schwerin
- Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
- Grand duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Germany › German States › Mecklenburg-Strelitz
- Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
- Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Germany › German States › Mecklenburg, Principality of
Germany › German States › Meissen, Margravate of
Germany › German States › Memmingen, City of
Germany › German States › Merseburg, Bishopric of
Germany › German States › Minden, Bishopric of
Germany › German States › Moers, County of
Germany › German States › Montfort-Peggau, County of
Germany › German States › Montfort-Rothenfels, County of
Germany › German States › Mühlhausen, Free imperial city of
Germany › German States › Münster, Bishopric of
- Piskoposluk
- Prince-Bishopric
- Hermann II of Katzenelnbogen (1174-1203)
- Otto I of Oldenburg (1203-1218)
- Dietrich III of Altena-Isenberg (1218-1226)
- Ludolf of Holte (1226-1248)
- Otto II, Count of Lippe (1248-1259)
- William I of Holte (1259-1260)
- Everhard of Diest (1275-1301)
- Louis II, Landgrave of Hesse (1310-1357)
- Florence of Wevelinghoven (1354-1370)
- John of Virneburg (1363-1364)
- John III Potho of Pothenstein (1379-1381)
- Heidenreich Wolf of Lüdinghausen (1381-1392)
- Henry II, Count of Mörs (1424-1450)
- John II of Palatinate-Simmern (1457-1466)
- Henry III (1466-1496)
- Conrad II of Rietberg (1497-1508)
- Prince-Bishopric
- Eric II, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg (1508-1522)
- Frederick III (1522-1532)
- Francis of Waldeck (1532-1553)
- John IV of Hoya (1566-1574)
- Ferdinand I of Bavaria (1612-1650)
- Sede vacante (1650)
- Christopher Bernard of Galen (1650-1678)
- Sede vacante (1683-1688)
- Frederick Christian of Plettenberg (1688-1706)
- Sede vacante (1706)
- Francis Arnold Joseph of Wolff-Metternich of Gracht (1706-1718)
- Sede vacante (1718-1719)
- Clemens August I of Bavaria (1719-1761)
- Sede vacante (1761)
- Maximilian Frederick of Königsegg-Rothenfels (1761-1784)
- Sede vacante (1801)
Germany › German States › Münster, City of
Germany › German States › Münzenberg, County of
Germany › German States › Murbach and Lüders, Imperial abbeys of
Germany › German States › Nassau-Dietz, Principality of
Germany › German States › Nassau-Dillenburg, Principality of
Germany › German States › Nassau-Holzappel, Principality of
Germany › German States › Nassau-Idstein
- County of Nassau-Idstein
- Principality of Nassau-Idstein
Germany › German States › Nassau-Siegen, County of
Germany › German States › Nassau-Sonnenberg, County of
Germany › German States › Nassau-Weilburg
- County of Nassau-Weilburg
- Principality of Nassau-Weilburg
Germany › German States › Nassau, Duchy of
- Princes of Nassau-Usingen
- Princes of Nassau-Weilburg
Germany › German States › Naumburg, Bishopric of
Germany › German States › Neubrandenburg, City of
Germany › German States › Neuss, City of
Germany › German States › Nordalbingia, Danish County of
Germany › German States › Nordhausen, City of
Germany › German States › Northeim, City of
Germany › German States › Northeim, County of
Germany › German States › Nuremberg, Burgraviate of
Germany › German States › Nuremberg, Free imperial city of
- Free City (1219-1806)
- House of Vasa
Germany › German States › Oldenburg-Birkenfeld, Principality of
Germany › German States › Oldenburg, County of
Germany › German States › Oldenburg, Duchy of
Germany › German States › Oldenburg, Grand duchy of
Germany › German States › Oldesloe, City of
Germany › German States › Osnabrück, Bishopric of
- Arnold of Altena (1173-1190)
- Gerhard I of Oldenburg-Wildeshausen (1190-1216)
- Conrad I of Velber (1227-1239)
- Engelbert I of Isenberg (1239-1250)
- Bruno of Isenberg (1251-1258)
- Widukind of Waldeck (1265-1269)
- Conrad II of Rietberg (1270-1297)
- Louis of Ravensberg (1297-1308)
- Gottfried of Arnsberg (1321-1349)
- Theodoric of Horne (1376-1402)
- Conrad IV of Rietberg (1482-1508)
- Eric of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (1508-1532)
- Francis of Waldeck (1532-1553)
- Francis William of Wartenberg (1625-1661)
- Ernest Augustus of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1662-1698)
- Charles Joseph of Lorraine (1698-1715)
- Ernest Augustus of York and Albany (1715-1728)
- Frederick of York and Albany (1764-1802)
Germany › German States › Osnabrück, City of
- Bağımsız Şehir
- House of Vasa
Germany › German States › Osterode, City of
Germany › German States › Öttingen
- County of Oettingen-Oettingen
- Principality of Oettingen-Oettingen
Germany › German States › Öttingen-Spielberg
Germany › German States › Öttingen-Wallerstein
Germany › German States › Paderborn, Bishopric of
- Bernard III of Oesede (1204-1223)
- Wilbrand of Oldenburg (1225-1227)
- Bernard of Lippe (1227-1247)
- Simon I of Lippe (1247-1277)
- Otto of Rietberg (1277-1307)
- Theodore of Fürstenberg (1585-1618)
- Cathedral chapter (1617-1618)
- Ferdinand of Bavaria (1618-1650)
- Cathedral chapter (1627)
- Theodore Adolphus of Recke (1650-1661)
- Ferdinand II of Fürstenberg (1661-1683)
- Sede vacante (1683)
- Hermann Werner of Metternich (1683-1704)
- Francis Arnold of Metternich (1704-1718)
- Sede vacante (1719)
- Clemens August of Bavaria (1719-1761)
- Sede vacante (1761-1763)
- William Anthony of Asseburg (1763-1782)
- Frederick William of Westphalia (1782-1789)
Germany › German States › Paderborn, City of
Germany › German States › Palatinate
- Counts palatine of Lotharingia
- Counts palatine of the Rhine
- Electors of the Palatinate
- Rhineland Monetary Union (1385-1583)
- Electors of the Palatinate
- Robert II (1390-1398)
- Rupert III (1398-1410)
- Louis III (1410-1436)
- Louis IV (1436-1449)
- Philip I (1449-1451,1476-1508)
- Frederick I (1451-1476)
- Louis V (1508-1544)
- Frederick II (1544-1556)
- Frederick III (1559-1576)
- John Casimir (1578-1591)
- Frederick IV (1583-1610)
- Frederick V (1610-1623)
- Maximilian I (1623-1648)
- Charles I Louis (1648-1680)
- Charles II (1680-1685)
- John William (1690-1716)
- Charles III Philip (1716-1742)
- Charles IV Theodore (1742-1777)
Germany › German States › Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Zweibrücken, Duchy of
Germany › German States › Palatinate-Mosbach-Neumarkt
Germany › German States › Palatinate-Neuburg, Duchy of
Germany › German States › Palatinate-Simmern, Duchy of
Germany › German States › Palatinate-Veldenz, Duchy of
Germany › German States › Palatinate-Zweibrücken, Duchy of
Germany › German States › Parchim, City of
Germany › German States › Passau, Bishopric of
- Egilbert (1045-1065)
- Diepold of Berg (1172-1190)
- Wolfger of Erla (1191-1204)
- Rüdiger of Bergheim (1233-1249)
- Berthold of Pietengau (1250-1254)
- Otto of Lonsdorf (1254-1265)
- Ulrich of Nussdorf (1451-1479)
- Wiguleus Fröschl of Marzoll (1500-1517)
- Ernest of Bavaria (1517-1541)
- Urban of Trennbach (1561-1598)
- Sebastian of Pötting (1673-1689)
- John Philip of Lamberg (1689-1712)
- Raymund Ferdinand of Rabatta (1713-1722)
- Joseph Dominic of Lamberg (1723-1761)
- Leopold Ernest of Firmian (1763-1783)
- Joseph Francis Anthony of Auersperg (1783-1795)
Germany › German States › Pegau, Abbey of
Germany › German States › Pfullendorf, County of
Germany › German States › Plauen, Bailiwick of
Germany › German States › Pomerania-Barth, Duchy of
Germany › German States › Pomerania-Rügenwalde, Duchy of
Germany › German States › Pomerania-Stettin, Duchy of
Germany › German States › Pomerania-Wolgast, Duchy of
Germany › German States › Pomerania, Duchy of
Germany › German States › Pomerania, Swedish dominion of
- House of Vasa
- House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken
- House of Holstein-Gottorp
Germany › German States › Prussia, Duchy of
- House of Hohenzollern-Ansbach
- George Frederick (1577-1603)
Germany › German States › Prussia, Kingdom of › Breslau, Prussian bishopric of
Germany › German States › Prussia, Kingdom of › Eastern Prussia, Russian occupation of
Germany › German States › Prussia, Kingdom of
Germany › German States › Prussia, Kingdom of › Silesia, Province of
Germany › German States › Prussia, Kingdom of › South Prussia
Germany › German States › Prussia, Kingdom of › Württemberg-Oels, Duchy and Prussian rule of
Germany › German States › Quedlinburg, Abbey of
- Matilda (966-999)
- Adelaide I (999-1044)
- Eilica (1095-1110)
- Agnes I (1110-1125)
- Gerberga of Kappenberg (1126-1137)
- Beatrice II of Wintzenburg (1138-1160)
- Adelaide III of Sommerschenburg (1161-1184)
- Gertrude of Armfurt (1233-1270)
- Irmgard II of Kirchberg (1379-1405)
- Dorothea of Saxe (1610-1617)
- Dorothea Sophia of Saxe-Altenburg (1618-1645)
- Anna Sophia of Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld (1645-1680)
- Anna Dorothea of Saxe-Weimar (1684-1704)
Germany › German States › Querfurt, Burgraviate of
Germany › German States › Randerath, Lordship of
- House of Randerode
Germany › German States › Rantzau, County of
Germany › German States › Ratzeburg, Bishopric of
Germany › German States › Ravensberg, County of
Germany › German States › Ravensburg, City of
Germany › German States › Regensburg, Bishopric of
- Gebhard III (1036-1060)
- Gebhard IV (1089-1105)
- Conrad I of Raitenbuch (1126-1132)
- Henry I of Wolfratshausen (1132-1155)
- Conrad II of Raitenbuch (1167-1185)
- Conrad IV of Frontenhausen (1204-1227)
- Siegfried (1227-1246)
- Albert I of Pietengau (1247-1260)
- Henry II of Rotteneck (1277-1296)
- Conrad V of Luppurg (1296-1313)
- Nicolas of Ybbs (1313-1340)
- John I of Moosburg (1384-1409)
- John III of Pfaltz (1507-1538)
- Pancratius of Sinzenhofen (1538-1548)
- George of Pappenheim (1548-1563)
- Anthony Ignatius of Fugger-Glött (1769-1787)
Germany › German States › Regensburg, Free city of
Germany › German States › Regenstein, County of
Germany › German States › Reichenau, Abbey of
Germany › German States › Reuss-Burgk, Lordship of
Germany › German States › Reuss-Ebersdorf
- County of Reuss-Ebersdorf
- Principality of Reuss-Ebersdorf
Germany › German States › Reuss-Gera
Germany › German States › Reuss-Greiz
- County of Reuss-Obergreiz
- County of Reuss-Greiz
- Principality of Reuss-Greiz
Germany › German States › Reuss-Lobenstein
- County of Reuss-Lobenstein
- Principality of Reuss-Lobenstein
Germany › German States › Reuss-Lobenstein-Ebersdorf, Principality of
Germany › German States › Reuss-Schleiz
- County of Reuss-Schleiz
- Principality of Reuss-Schleiz and Gera
- Principality of Reuss Younger Line
Germany › German States › Reuss-Untergreiz
Germany › German States › Rheine, City of
Germany › German States › Rhine, Confederation of the
Germany › German States › Rietberg, County of
Germany › German States › Rostock, City of
Germany › German States › Rothenburg ob der Tauber, City of
Germany › German States › Rottenburg, City of
Germany › German States › Rottweil, City of
Germany › German States › Rügen, Principality of
Germany › German States › Saint Blaise, Abbey
Germany › German States › Salm-Dhaun, Wildgraviate and Rhingraviate of
Germany › German States › Salm-Grumbach, Wildgraviate and Rhinegraviate of
Germany › German States › Salm-Kyrburg, County of
Germany › German States › Salzwedel, City of
Germany › German States › Saxe-Altenburg, Duchy of
Germany › German States › Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duchy of
- House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Germany › German States › Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach, Duchy of
Germany › German States › Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Duchy of
Germany › German States › Saxe-Coburg, Duchy of
Germany › German States › Saxe-Eisenach, Duchy of
Germany › German States › Saxe-Eisenberg, Duchy of
Germany › German States › Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, Duchy of
Germany › German States › Saxe-Hildburghausen, Duchy of
Germany › German States › Saxe-Jena, Duchy of
Germany › German States › Saxe-Lauenburg, Duchy of
Germany › German States › Saxe-Meiningen, Duchy of
Germany › German States › Saxe-Römhild, Duchy of
Germany › German States › Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
- Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
- Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
Germany › German States › Saxe-Weimar, Duchy of
- John William (1572-1573)
- Frederick William I (1573-1602)
- 2. John (1573-1605)
- Frederick William (1605-1619)
- John Ernest I (1605-1620)
- Frederick (1605-1622)
- John Frederick (1605-1628)
- Bernard (1605-1639)
- Albert (1605-1640)
- Ernest (1605-1640)
- Tenagure (1605-1662)
- Gustavus II Adolphus (1631-1632)
- John Ernest II (1662-1683)
- William Ernest (1683-1728)
Germany › German States › Saxe-Weissenfels, Duchy of
Germany › German States › Saxe-Wittenberg, Duchy of
Germany › German States › Saxe-Zeitz, Duchy of
Germany › German States › Saxon Eastern March
Germany › German States › Saxony (Albertinian Line), Electorate of
- House of Wettin
- House of Wettin, Ernestinian Line
- House of Wettin, Albertine Line
- House of Wettin, Ernestinian Line
- House of Wettin, Albertine Line
- House of Wettin, Ernestinian Line
- House of Wettin, Albertine Line
- Henry IV (1539-1541)
- Maurice (1541-1547)
- Maurice (1547-1553)
- Augustus I (1553-1586)
- 1. Cristian (1586-1591)
- Christian II (1591-1611)
- Augustus (1591-1615)
- John George I (1591-1656)
- John George II (1657-1680)
- John George III (1681-1691)
- John George IV (1691-1694)
- Frederick Augustus I (1694-1733)
- Frederick Augustus II (1733-1763)
- Frederick Christian (1763)
- Francis Xavier (1763-1768)
- Frederick Augustus III (1763-1806)
Germany › German States › Saxony (Albertinian Line), Kingdom of
Germany › German States › Saxony (Ernestinian Line), Electorate of
- House of Wettin, Albertine Line
- House of Wettin, Ernestinian Line
- House of Wettin, Albertine Line
- House of Hesse
- House of Wettin, Ernestinian Line
- House of Wettin, Albertine Line
- House of Wettin, Ernestinian Line
Germany › German States › Saxony, Duchy of
- House of Billung
- House of Welf
- House of Ascania
Germany › German States › Sayn-Altenkirchen, County of
Germany › German States › Sayn-Hachenburg, County of
Germany › German States › Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg, County of
Germany › German States › Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein, County of
Germany › German States › Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn
Germany › German States › Schaumburg-Lippe
- County of Schaumburg-Lippe
- Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe
Germany › German States › Schleswig and Holstein, Danish duchies of
Germany › German States › Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp, Duchy of
Germany › German States › Schleswig-Holstein-Norburg-Plön, Duchy of
Germany › German States › Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg, Duchy of
Germany › German States › Schönau, Imperial barony of
Germany › German States › Schönforst, Lordship of
Germany › German States › Schwäbisch Hall, City of
Germany › German States › Schwarzburg-Blankenburg, County of
Germany › German States › Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
- County of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
- Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
Germany › German States › Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
- County of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
- Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
Germany › German States › Schwarzburg, County of
- Henry XXXI (1484-1526)
- Günther XL (1526-1552)
- John Günther I (1552-1571)
- Günther XLI (1552-1583)
- Counties of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen and Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
Germany › German States › Schwarzenberg, Principality of
Germany › German States › Schweinfurt, City of
Germany › German States › Sigmaringen-Helfenstein, Counts of
Germany › German States › Sindelfingen, St. Martin Abbey of
Germany › German States › Soest, City of
Germany › German States › Solms-Braunfels, County of
Germany › German States › Solms-Hohensolms, County of
Germany › German States › Solms-Laubach, County of
Germany › German States › Solms-Lich, County of
Germany › German States › Solms-Rödelheim-Assenheim, County of
Germany › German States › Speyer, Bishopric of
- Conrad I (1056-1060)
- Henry of Scharfenberg (1067-1073)
- Tenagure (1090-1104)
- Bruno of Saarbrücken (1107-1123)
- Walram of Veldenz (1328-1336)
- John II Nix of Hoheneck (1459-1464)
- Matthias of Rammung (1464-1478)
- Marquard of Hattstein (1560-1581)
- Philip Christopher of Sötern (1610-1652)
- Lothair Frederick of Metternich-Burscheid (1652-1675)
- John Hugh of Orsbeck (1675-1711)
- Henry Hartard of Rollingen (1711-1719)
- Francis Christopher of Hutten zum Stolzenberg (1743-1770)
- August Philip of Limburg-Stirum (1770-1797)
Germany › German States › Speyer, City of
Germany › German States › Stade, City of
Germany › German States › Stade, County of
Germany › German States › Sternberg, City of
Germany › German States › Stettin, City of
Germany › German States › Stolberg-Ortenberg, County of
Germany › German States › Stolberg-Rossla, County of
Germany › German States › Stolberg-Stolberg, County of
Germany › German States › Stolberg-Wernigerode, County of
Germany › German States › Stolberg, County of
- Henry II (1242-1272)
- Henry V (1302-1341)
- Henry XVI (1378-1402)
- Bodo VII (1403-1455)
- Henry XIX (1455-1511)
- Henry XX (1498-1508)
- Bodo VIII (1498-1538)
- Wolfgang (1538-1552)
- Henry XXI (1538-1572)
- Louis (1538-1574)
- Christopher I (1538-1581)
- Albert George (1538-1587)
- Wolf Ernest (1572-1606)
- Bodo IX (1575-1583)
- John (1575-1612)
- Henry XXII (1575-1615)
- Louis George (1598-1618)
- Christopher II (1598-1638)
- Wolfgang George (1612-1631)
- Henry Volrad (1618-1641)
Germany › German States › Stralsund, City of
Germany › German States › Stuttgart, City of
Germany › German States › Sulz, County of
Germany › German States › Swabia, Duchy of
- Konradinler
- Otto I the Great (936-962)
- Ottonian dynasty
- Hunfridings
- Ottonian dynasty
- Konradinler
- House of Babenberg
- House of Hohenstaufen
Germany › German States › Swabian Circle
Germany › German States › Telgte, City of
Germany › German States › Teutonic Order
- Henry Dusemer (1345-1351)
- Winrich of Kniprode (1351-1382)
- Conrad Zöllner of Rotenstein (1382-1390)
- Conrad of Jungingen (1393-1407)
- Ulrich of Jungingen (1407-1410)
- Henry of Plauen (1410-1413)
- Hermann Gans (1413-1414)
- Michael Küchmeister of Sternberg (1414-1422)
- Paul of Rusdorf (1422-1441)
- Conrad of Erlichshausen (1441-1449)
- Louis of Erlichshausen (1450-1467)
- Henry Reuss of Plauen (1469-1470)
- Henry Reffle of Richtenberg (1470-1477)
- Martin Truchsess of Wetzhausen (1477-1489)
- John of Tiefen (1489-1497)
- Frederick of Saxony (1498-1510)
- Albert of Brandenburg (1511-1525)
- Walther of Cronberg (1527-1543)
- Henry of Bobenhausen (1572-1590)
- Maximilian I (1585-1590)
- Maximilian I (1590-1618)
- Charles I (1618-1624)
- John Eustach of Westernach (1625-1627)
- John Caspar of Stadion (1627-1641)
- John Caspar of Ampringen (1664-1684)
- Louis Anthony of Pfalz-Neuburg (1685-1694)
- Francis Louis of Pfalz-Neuburg (1694-1732)
- Clemens August of Bavaria (1732-1761)
- Charles Alexander of Lorraine (1761-1780)
- Maximilian Francis of Austria (1780-1801)
- Charles Louis of Austria (1801-1804)
Germany › German States › Thuringia, Landgraviate of
Germany › German States › Thurn and Taxis, Principality of
Germany › German States › Treptow, City of
Germany › German States › Trier, Archbishopric of
- Milo (722-744)
- Poppo of Babenberg (1016-1047)
- Eberhard (1047-1066)
- Udo of Nellenburg (1066-1078)
- Egilbert of Ortenburg (1079-1101)
- Bruno of Bretten (1102-1124)
- Albero of Montreuil (1131-1152)
- Hillin of Falmagne (1152-1169)
- Arnold I of Valcourt (1169-1183)
- Fulmar of Karden (1183-1189)
- Theoderic II of Wied (1212-1242)
- Arnold II of Isenburg (1242-1259)
- Baldwin of Luxembourg (1307-1354)
- Bohemund II (1354-1362)
- Kuno II of Falkenstein (1362-1388)
- Rhineland Monetary Union (1385-1583)
- Werner of Falkenstein (1388-1418)
- Otto of Ziegenheim (1418-1430)
- Ulrich of Manderscheid (1430-1436)
- Raban of Helmstatt (1430-1439)
- Jakob I of Sierck (1439-1456)
- John II of Baden (1456-1503)
- Jakob II of Baden (1503-1511)
- Richard of Greiffenklau zu Vollrads (1511-1531)
- John VI von der Leyen (1556-1567)
- Jacob III of Eltz (1567-1581)
- John VII of Schönenberg (1581-1599)
- Lothair of Metternich (1599-1623)
- Philip Christopher of Sötern (1623-1651)
- Charles Caspar von der Leyen (1652-1676)
- John Hugh of Orsbeck (1676-1711)
- Charles Joseph of Lorraine (1711-1715)
- Francis Louis of Neuburg (1716-1729)
- Francis George of Schönborn (1729-1756)
- John Philip of Walderdorf (1756-1768)
- Clemens Wenceslaus of Saxony (1768-1801)
Germany › German States › Tübingen, County Palatine of
Germany › German States › Überlingen, City of
Germany › German States › Ulm, City of
Germany › German States › Upper Bavaria, Duchy of
Germany › German States › Upper Lusatia, Margravate of
Germany › German States › Upper Palatinate
Germany › German States › Verden, Bishopric of
Germany › German States › Villingen, City of
Germany › German States › Vlotho, Lordship of
Germany › German States › Waldburg-Friedburg-Scheer, County of
Germany › German States › Waldeck-Pyrmont, Principality of
Germany › German States › Waldeck, County of
Germany › German States › Waldenburg, Lordship of
Germany › German States › Wallmoden-Gimborn, County of
Germany › German States › Warendorf, City of
Germany › German States › Weida, Bailiwick of
Germany › German States › Weingarten, Abbey of
Germany › German States › Werden and Helmstedt, Abbeys of
Germany › German States › Werl, City of
Germany › German States › Werne, City of
Germany › German States › Wertheim, County of
Germany › German States › Westphalia, Kingdom of
- House Bonaparte
Germany › German States › Wied-Neuwied, County of
Germany › German States › Wied-Runkel, County of
Germany › German States › Wiedenbrück, City of
Germany › German States › Wismar, City of
Germany › German States › Worms, Bishopric of
- Arnold (1044-1065)
- Ebbo (1090-1105)
- Burchard II of Ahorn (1120-1149)
- Conrad I of Steinbach (1150-1171)
- Conrad II of Sternberg (1171-1192)
- Leopold II of Schönfeld (1196-1217)
- Theoderic II of Bettendorf (1552-1580)
- George of Schönenberg (1580-1595)
- Philip of Rothenstein (1595-1604)
- Francis Emmerich Caspar Waldpot of Bassenheim (1679-1683)
- John Charles of Franckenstein (1683-1691)
Germany › German States › Worms, City of
Germany › German States › Württemberg
- County of Württemberg
- Duchy of Württemberg
- Ulrich (1498-1550)
- 1. Ferdinand (1523-1534)
- Christopher (1550-1568)
- Louis (1568-1593)
- Frederick I (1593-1608)
- John Frederick (1608-1628)
- Eberhard III (1628-1674)
- Louis Frederick of Württemberg-Montbéliard (1629-1631)
- Julius Frederick of Württemberg-Weiltingen (1631-1632)
- William Louis (1674-1677)
- Frederick Charles of Württemberg-Winnental (1677-1693)
- Eberhard Louis (1677-1733)
- Charles Alexander (1733-1737)
- Charles Rudolph of Württemberg-Neuenstadt (1737-1738)
- Charles II Eugene (1737-1793)
- Charles Frederick II of Württemberg-Oels (1738-1744)
- Louis Eugene (1793-1795)
- Frederick Eugen (1795-1797)
- Frederick II (1797-1803)
- Electorate of Württemberg
- Kingdom of Württemberg
Germany › German States › Württemberg-Weiltingen, Duchy of
Germany › German States › Würzburg, Bishopric of
- Meginhard I (1018-1034)
- Bruno (1034-1045)
- Erlung (1105-1121)
- Godfried I of Spitzenberg (1186-1190)
- Conrad I of Querfurt (1198-1202)
- Otto I of Lobdeburg (1207-1223)
- Hermann I of Lobdeburg (1225-1254)
- Berthold II of Sternberg (1274-1287)
- Gerhard of Schwarzburg (1372-1400)
- Johann I von Egloffstein (1400-1411)
- Sigismund of Sachsen (1440-1443)
- Gottfried IV Schenk von Limpurg (1443-1455)
- John III of Grumbach (1455-1466)
- Rudolph II of Scherengberg (1466-1495)
- Lorenz von Bibra (1495-1519)
- Melchior Zobel von Giebelstadt (1544-1558)
- Frederick of Wirsberg (1558-1573)
- Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn (1573-1617)
- John Godfried of Aschhausen (1617-1622)
- Philip Adolphus of Ehrenberg (1623-1631)
- Gustavus II Adolphus (1631-1632)
- Francis of Hatzfeld (1631-1642)
- John Philip of Schönborn (1642-1673)
- Johann Hartmann von Rosenbach (1673-1675)
- Peter Philip of Dernbach (1675-1683)
- Conrad William of Wernau (1683-1684)
- John Godfried II of Guttenberg (1684-1698)
- Johann Philipp von Greiffenclau zu Vollraths (1699-1719)
- John Philip Francis of Schönborn (1719-1724)
- Christopher Francis of Hutten (1724-1729)
- Frederick Charles of Schönborn (1729-1746)
- Sede vacante (1746)
- Anselm Francis of Ingelheim (1746-1749)
- Charles Philip of Greiffenklau-Vollraths (1749-1754)
- Adam Frederick of Seinsheim (1755-1779)
- Francis Louis of Erthal (1779-1795)
- George Charles of Fechenbach (1795-1808)
Germany › German States › Würzburg, Grand Duchy of
Germany › German States › Ziegenhain, County of
Germany › Germany (1871-1948)
Germany › Germany, Federal Republic of
Ghana › Ghana (1957-date)
Ghana › Gold Coast (1821-1957)
Gilbert and Ellice Islands
Greater Armenia › Armenia, Kingdom of
- Artaksiyad Hanedanı
- Herodian Dynasty
- Pontus Polemons
- Arsak Hanedanı
- Herodian Dynasty
- Arsak Hanedanı
Greater Armenia › Commagene, Kingdom of
Greater Armenia › Media-Atropatene, Kingdom of
Greater Armenia › Osroene, Kingdom of
- Nerva–Antonine dynasty
- Abgar VIII (177-212)
- Severan dynasty
- 3. Yüzyıl Krizi
- Abgar X (239-242)
Greece (ancient) › Achaia › Achaean League
Greece (ancient) › Aeolis › Kyme
- Argead Hanedanı
Greece (ancient) › Aeolis › Myrina
- Argead Hanedanı
Greece (ancient) › Aeolis › Temnos
- Argead Hanedanı
Greece (ancient) › Baktria › Baktria, Kings of
- Diodotos I (256 MÖ - 234 MÖ)
- Diodotos II (234 MÖ - 223 MÖ)
- Euthydemos I (230 MÖ - 190 MÖ)
- Demetrios I (Yaklaşık M.Ö. 200-180)
- Antimachos I (199 MÖ - 170 MÖ)
- Agathokles (Yaklaşık M.Ö. 190-180)
- Pantaleon (Yaklaşık M.Ö. 190-180)
- Euthydemos II (Yaklaşık M.Ö. 185-180)
- Demetrios II (Yaklaşık M.Ö. 175-170)
- Eucratides I (171 MÖ - 145 MÖ)
- Heliokles I (145 MÖ - 120 MÖ)
- Zoilos I (130 MÖ - 120 MÖ)
- Strato I (125 MÖ - 110 MÖ)
- Agathokleia (Yaklaşık M.Ö. 110-100)
- Artemidorus (Yaklaşık M.Ö. 100-80)
- Amyntas (95 MÖ - 90 MÖ)
- Diomedes (95 MÖ - 90 MÖ)
- Epander (95 MÖ - 90 MÖ)
- Archebios (90 MÖ - 80 MÖ)
- Heliokles II (90 MÖ - 75 MÖ)
- Telephos (75 MÖ - 70 MÖ)
- Hippostratos (65 MÖ - 55 MÖ)
- Zoilos II (55 MÖ - 35 MÖ)
- Strato II (25 MÖ - 10 MS)
Greece (ancient) › Bithynia
Greece (ancient) › Bithynia › Bithynia, Kings of
Greece (ancient) › Bithynia › Herakleia Pontika
Greece (ancient) › Bithynia › Kalchedon
Greece (ancient) › Bithynia › Kios
Greece (ancient) › Bosporos › Pantikapaion
Greece (ancient) › Bruttium › Rhegion
Greece (ancient) › Cappadokia › Cappadokia, Kings of
- Ariarathes I (331 MÖ - 322 MÖ)
- Ariarathes II (301 MÖ - 280 MÖ)
- Ariarathes III (255 MÖ - 220 MÖ)
- Ariarathes IV Eusebes (220 MÖ - 163 MÖ)
- Ariarathes V Eusebes Philopator (163 MÖ - 130 MÖ)
- Orophernes Nicephorus (160 MÖ - 156 MÖ)
- Ariarathes VI Epiphanes Philopator (129 MÖ - 116 MÖ)
- Ariarathes VII Philometor (116 MÖ - 101 MÖ)
- Ariarathes VIII (101 MÖ - 96 MÖ)
- Ariarathes IX (100 MÖ - 85 MÖ)
- Ariobarzanes I Philoromaios (94 MÖ - 63 MÖ)
- Ariobarzanes II Philopator (63 MÖ - 51 MÖ)
- Ariobarzanes III Eusebes Philoromaios (51 MÖ - 42 MÖ)
- Ariarathes X Eusebes Philadelphos (42 MÖ - 36 MÖ)
- Archelaus (36 MÖ - 17 MS)
Greece (ancient) › Caria
Greece (ancient) › Caria › Alabanda
- Argead Hanedanı
Greece (ancient) › Caria › Mylasa
- Argead Hanedanı
Greece (ancient) › Cyprus (ancient) › Kition
Greece (ancient) › Cyprus (ancient) › Lapethos
Greece (ancient) › Cyprus (ancient) › Paphos
Greece (ancient) › Cyprus (ancient) › Salamis of Cyprus
- Euelthon (525 MÖ - 500 MÖ)
- Euelthon's successors (500 MÖ - 478 MÖ)
- Nikodamos (460 MÖ - 450 MÖ)
- Evantes (450 MÖ - 430 MÖ)
- 2. Gorgos (450 MÖ - 430 MÖ)
- 1. Evagoras (411 MÖ - 373 MÖ)
- Nicocles (374 MÖ - 361 MÖ)
- Evagoras II (361 MÖ - 351 MÖ)
- Pnytagoras (351 MÖ - 331 MÖ)
- Argead Hanedanı
- Nicocreon (331 MÖ - 310 MÖ)
- Menelaus (312 MÖ - 306 MÖ)
Greece (ancient) › Epeiros › Epeiros, Kings of
- Aeacid Hanedanlığı
Greece (ancient) › Euboia › Chalkis
- Argead Hanedanı
Greece (ancient) › Galatia › Galatia, Kings of
Greece (ancient) › Illyria › Illyria, Kings of
Greece (ancient) › Ionia › Chios
- Argead Hanedanı
Greece (ancient) › Ionia › Ephesos
- Argead Hanedanı
Greece (ancient) › Ionia › Klazomenai
- Argead Hanedanı
Greece (ancient) › Ionia › Magnesia ad Meandrum
Greece (ancient) › Kyrenaica › Kyrene
Greece (ancient) › Lakonia › Lakedaimon
Greece (ancient) › Lesbos › Methymna
- Argead Hanedanı
Greece (ancient) › Lesbos › Mytilene
- Argead Hanedanı
Greece (ancient) › Lycia › Phaselis
- Argead Hanedanı
Greece (ancient) › Lycia › Telmessos
Greece (ancient) › Lydia › Lydia, Kings of
Greece (ancient) › Macedon › Macedonia, Kingdom of
- Argead Hanedanı
- Ptolemy of Aloros (368 MÖ - 365 MÖ)
- Argead Hanedanı
- Perdiccas (323 MÖ - 321 MÖ)
- Argead Hanedanı
- Antipatrid Hanedanı
- Antigonid Hanedanı
- Polyperchon (319 MÖ - 317 MÖ)
- Antipatrid Hanedanı
- Antigonid Hanedanı
- Antipatrid Hanedanı
- Antigonid Hanedanı
- Lagid Dynasty
- Antigonid Hanedanı
- Andriscus (149 MÖ - 148 MÖ)
- Lagid Dynasty
- Antipatrid Hanedanı
- Sosthenes (279 MÖ - 277 MÖ)
Greece (ancient) › Mysia › Adramyttion
Greece (ancient) › Mysia › Kyzikos
- Argead Hanedanı
- Lisimakos (304 MÖ - 281 MÖ)
Greece (ancient) › Mysia › Pergamon
Greece (ancient) › Paeonia › Paeonia, Kings of
Greece (ancient) › Pamphylia › Aspendos
- Argead Hanedanı
Greece (ancient) › Pamphylia › Perge
- Argead Hanedanı
Greece (ancient) › Paphlagonia
Greece (ancient) › Paphlagonia › Amastris
Greece (ancient) › Paphlagonia › Paphlagonia, Kings of
Greece (ancient) › Paphlagonia › Sinope
Greece (ancient) › Phokis › Delphi
Greece (ancient) › Phokis › Phokis, Federal Coinage of
Greece (ancient) › Pontos
Greece (ancient) › Pontos › Pontos, Kings of
Greece (ancient) › Rhodes
- Argead Hanedanı
- Lisimakos (304 MÖ - 281 MÖ)
Greece (ancient) › Sicily › Akragas
Greece (ancient) › Sicily › Syracuse
- İlk Demokrasi (510 MÖ - 485 MÖ)
- Deinomenid dynasty
- İkinci Demokrasi (465 MÖ - 405 MÖ)
- Dionysian dynasty
- Dynasty of Timoleon
- Üçüncü Demokrasi (337 MÖ - 317 MÖ)
- Dynasty of Agathocles
- Fourth Democracy (289 MÖ - 287 MÖ)
- Interregnum
- Aeacid Hanedanlığı
- Hieronid dynasty
- Beşinci Demokrasi (214 MÖ - 212 MÖ)
Greece (ancient) › Skythia › Skythia, Kings of
Greece (ancient) › Thessaly › Pherai
Greece (ancient) › Thrace › Byzantion
Greece (ancient) › Thrace › Caeni
Greece (ancient) › Thrace › Kallatis
- Argead Hanedanı
Greece (ancient) › Thrace › Mesembria
- Argead Hanedanı
Greece (ancient) › Thrace › Odessos
- Argead Hanedanı
- Lisimakos (304 MÖ - 281 MÖ)
Greece (ancient) › Thrace › Thrace, Kings of
- Argead Hanedanı
- Lisimakos (304 MÖ - 281 MÖ)
Greece (ancient) › Thrace › Tomis
- Argead Hanedanı
Greece (ancient) › Thraco-macedonian region › Edoni
Greece (ancient) › Troad › Assos
- Argead Hanedanı
Greece › Crete
Greece
- First Hellenic Republic (1822-1832)
- Wittelsbach Hanedanı
- Yunanistan Krallığı - Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg Hanedanı
- Second Hellenic Republic (1924-1935)
- Axis occupation (1941-1944)
- Yunanistan Krallığı - Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg Hanedanı
- Regime of the Colonels (1967-1974)
- Third Hellenic Republic (1974-date)
Greece › Ionian Islands
- British Occupation
- Italian Occupation (1941-1943)
Greece › Ionian Islands › Ionian Islands, United States of the (1815-1864)
Grenada
Guatemala
- Guatemala Genel Kaptanlığı, Habsburg Hanedanı
- Guatemala Genel Kaptanlığı, Bourbon Hanedanı
- State of the Federal Republic of Central America (1824-1841)
- Cumhuriyet (1841-date)
Guinea-Bissau › Guinea-Bissau (1976-date)
Guinea-Bissau › Portuguese Guinea (1910-1975)
Guyana › Berbice, Colony of
Guyana › Demerara and Essequibo
Guyana
Haiti › Haiti (1804-date)
- French Colony of Saint-Domingue: Revolutionary period (1789-1804)
- First Empire of Haiti
- First Republic of Haiti
- First Republic (1806-1849)
- Henry Christopher (1807-1811)
- Haiti Krallığı
- First Republic of Haiti
- Second Empire of Haiti
- First Republic (1859-1957)
- Second Republic (1957-1986)
- Third Republic (1986-date)
Holy Roman Empire
- Ottonian dynasty
- Salian dynasty
- Hermann of Salm (1081-1088)
- Salian dynasty
- House of Hohenstaufen
- House of Welf
- House of Hohenstaufen
- William II (1248-1256)
- Great Interregnum (1254-1273)
- Richard of Cornwall (1257-1272)
- Habsburg Hanedanı
- House of Nassau
- Habsburg Hanedanı
- House of Luxembourg
- Wittelsbach Hanedanı
- House of Luxembourg
- Wittelsbach Hanedanı
- House of Luxembourg
- Habsburg Hanedanı
- Philip of Weinsberg Sr. (1460-1503)
- Habsburg Hanedanı
- Eberhard of Eppstein-Königstein (1517-1535)
- Habsburg Hanedanı
- Francis I (1745-1765)
Honduras
- Intendencia of Comayagua, Captaincy General of Guatemala, Viceroyalty of New Spain
- Intendencia of the First Mexican Empire
- State of the Federal Republic of Central America (1823-1839)
- State (1839-1862)
- Cumhuriyet (1862-date)
Hungary › Hungarian notgeld
Hungary › Hungarian States
- Emperors of the Holy Roman Empire
- Leopold I (1657-1705)
Hungary › Hungarian States › Batthyány, Counts of
Hungary › Hungarian States › Buda, City of
Hungary › Hungarian States › Esterházy, Counts of
Hungary › Hungarian States › Kronstadt, City of
Hungary › Hungarian States › Serbia, Hungarian possession of
Hungary › Hungarian States › Severin, Banate of
Hungary › Hungarian States › Slavonia, Province of
- Béla IV (1235-1270)
- Béla (1260-1269)
- Henrik Németújváry (1267-1270)
- Stephen V (1270-1272)
- Ladislaus IV (1272-1290)
- Stephen Babonich (1280-1315)
- Radoslav (1286-1288)
- Andrew III (1290-1301)
- John Babonich (1309-1315)
- Migh (1325-1343)
- Nicolas Lendvay (1343-1346)
- Nicolas Széchy (1346-1349)
- Nicolas Bánffy (1353-1354)
- Stephen (1353-1354)
Hungary › Hungarian States › Spalato, City of
Hungary › Hungarian States › Transylvania, Principality of
- John Szapolyai (1526-1540)
- Isabella Jagiellon (1540-1559)
- 1. Ferdinand (1551-1556)
- John Sigismund Szapolyai (1556-1571)
- Stephen Báthory (1571-1586)
- Christopher Báthory (1576-1581)
- Elizabeth Bocskai (1577)
- Sigismund Báthory (1581-1602)
- 2. Rudolf (1598-1608)
- Moses Székely (1603)
- Stephen Bocskai (1605-1606)
- Sigismund Rákóczi (1607-1608)
- Gabriel Báthory (1608-1613)
- Gabriel Bethlen (1613-1629)
- Catherine of Brandenburg (1629-1630)
- Stephen Bethlen (1630)
- George Rákóczi I (1630-1648)
- George Rákóczi II (1648-1660)
- Francis Rhédey (1657-1658)
- Ákos Barcsai (1658-1661)
- John Kemény (1661-1662)
- Michael I Apafi (1661-1690)
- Imre Thököly (1682-1690)
- Leopold I (1691-1705)
- Francis II Rákóczi (1703-1711)
- Joseph I (1705-1711)
- Charles III (1711-1740)
- Maria Theresa (1740-1780)
- Francis I (1745-1765)
- Joseph II (1765-1790)
- Leopold II (1790-1792)
- Francis I of Austria (1792-1835)
- Ferdinand V (1835-1848)
Hungary
- House of Árpád
- Stephen I (1000-1038)
- Peter Orseolo (1038-1041, 1044-1046)
- Samuel Aba (1041-1044)
- Andrew I (1046-1060)
- Béla (1046-1060)
- Béla I (1060-1063)
- Solomon (1063-1074)
- Géza (1064-1074)
- Géza I (1074-1077)
- Ladislaus I (1077-1095)
- Coloman (1095-1116)
- Stephen II (1116-1131)
- Béla II (1131-1141)
- Géza II (1141-1162)
- Ladislaus II (1162-1163)
- Stephen III (1162-1172)
- Stephen IV (1163-1165)
- Béla III (1172-1196)
- Emeric (1196-1204)
- Ladislaus III (1204-1205)
- Andrew II (1205-1235)
- Béla IV (1235-1270)
- Stephen V (1270-1272)
- Ladislaus IV (1272-1290)
- Andrew III (1290-1301)
- House of Přemyslid
- Wittelsbach Hanedanı
- Anjou Hanedanı
- House of Luxembourg
- George Branković (1427-1456)
- Habsburg Hanedanı
- House of Jagiellon
- Habsburg Hanedanı
- Captains in Chief (1445-1446)
- House of Hunyadi
- House of Jagiellon
- House of Szapolyai
- Habsburg Hanedanı
- Francis II Rákóczi (1703-1711)
- Habsburg Hanedanı
- Emperors of the Holy Roman Empire
- Habsburg Hanedanı
- Emperors of the Holy Roman Empire
- Habsburg Hanedanı
- Cumhuriyet (1918-1919)
- Hungarian Soviet Republic (1919)
- Nicolas Horthy (1920-1944)
- Ferenc Szálasi (1944-1945)
- Provisional Government (1945)
- Cumhuriyet (1946-1949)
- People's Republic (1949-1989)
- Cumhuriyet (1989-date)
Hutt River
Iceland
- House of Oldenburg
- House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
- İzlanda Krallığı
- Cumhuriyet (1944-date)
India (ancient) › Assam
India (ancient) › Bactria and Arachosia › Sophytes's Satrapy
India (ancient) › Gupta Empire
India (ancient) › Indo-Greek Kingdom
- Apollodotus I (186 MÖ - 160 MÖ)
- Antimachus II (175 MÖ - 165 MÖ)
- Menander I (160 MÖ - 135 MÖ)
- Lysias (120 MÖ - 110 MÖ)
- Antialcidas (115 MÖ - 95 MÖ)
- Philoxenus (100 MÖ - 95 MÖ)
- Theophilus (Yaklaşık M.Ö. 90)
- Menander II (90 MÖ - 85 MÖ)
- Nicias (90 MÖ - 85 MÖ)
- Hermaeus (90 MÖ - 70 MÖ)
- Apollodotus II (80 MÖ - 60 MÖ)
India (ancient) › Indo-Scythian Kingdom
India (ancient) › Indo-Scythian Kingdom › Western Satraps
India (ancient) › Janapadas (pre-Mauryan) › Magadha Kingdom
India (ancient) › Janapadas (pre-Mauryan) › Panchala Kingdom
India (ancient) › Kushan Empire
India (ancient) › Mauryan Empire
India (ancient) › Pushyabhuti dynasty
India › India, British
- Britanya Hindistan'ı
- Emperors of the Mughal Empire
- Britanya Hindistan'ı
- Emperors of the Mughal Empire
- Britanya Hindistan'ı
- Emperors of the Mughal Empire
- Britanya Hindistan'ı
- Emperors of the Mughal Empire
- Britanya Hindistan'ı
- Emperors of the Mughal Empire
- Britanya Hindistan'ı
- Emperors of the Mughal Empire
- Britanya Hindistan'ı
India › India, Danish
India › India, French
India › India, Portuguese
- House of Aviz
- Habsburg Hanedanı
- House of Braganza
- João IV (1640-1656)
- Afonso VI (1656-1667)
- Peter II (1667-1683)
- Pedro II (1683-1706)
- João V (1706-1750)
- Joseph I (1750-1777)
- Maria I with consort Pedro III (1777-1786)
- Maria I (1786-1799)
- João (1799-1816)
- João VI (1816-1826)
- Pedro IV (1826-1828)
- Miguel I (1828-1834)
- Mary II (1834-1853)
- Pedro V (1853-1861)
- 1. Luis (1861-1889)
- Charles I (1889-1908)
- Manuel II (1908-1910)
- Cumhuriyet (1910-1961)
India › Indian Hindu Dynasties › Champaran, Kingdom of
India › Indian Hindu Dynasties › Chitradurga Nayak kingdom
India › Indian Hindu Dynasties › Chola dynasty
India › Indian Hindu Dynasties › Eastern Ganga Dynasty
India › Indian Hindu Dynasties › Gingee Nayak kingdom
India › Indian Hindu Dynasties › Keladi Nayak kingdom
India › Indian Hindu Dynasties › Kumaon, Kingdom of
India › Indian Hindu Dynasties › Madurai, Kingdom of
India › Indian Hindu Dynasties › Ramanathapuram
India › Indian Hindu Dynasties › Thanjavur Nayak kingdom
India › Indian Hindu Dynasties › Vijayanagara, Empire of
- Sangama dynasty
- Lakkanna Dandanayaka (1423-1446)
- Tenagure (1471-1496)
- Saluva dynasty
- Tuluva dynasty
- Aravidu dynasty
India › Indian Local and Princely states
- Emperors of the Mughal Empire
- Britanya Hindistan'ı
India › Indian Local and Princely states › Alwar, Princely state of
India › Indian Local and Princely states › Awadh
India › Indian Local and Princely states › Bikanir, Princely state of
India › Indian Local and Princely states › Buriya
- Independent Kingdom/Bhangi Misl
India › Indian Local and Princely states › Cooch-Behar
- Kingdom of Cooch Behar
- Princely State of Cooch Behar
India › Indian Local and Princely states › Dhrangadhra, Princely state of
India › Indian Local and Princely states › Faridkot, Princely state of
India › Indian Local and Princely states › Gwalior, Princely state of
India › Indian Local and Princely states › Hyderabad, Princely state of
India › Indian Local and Princely states › Indore, Princely state of
India › Indian Local and Princely states › Jaipur, Princely state of
India › Indian Local and Princely states › Jammu and Kashmir, Princely State of
India › Indian Local and Princely states › Jodhpur, Princely state of
India › Indian Local and Princely states › Kapurthala, Princely State
India › Indian Local and Princely states › Kishangarh, Princely state of
India › Indian Local and Princely states › Kutch
- Kingdom of Kutch
- Princely State of Kutch
India › Indian Local and Princely states › Las Bela, Princely State of
India › Indian Local and Princely states › Mewar, Princely state of
India › Indian Local and Princely states › Nagpur, Princely State of
India › Indian Local and Princely states › Nawanagar
India › Indian Local and Princely states › Radhanpur, Princely state of
India › Indian Local and Princely states › Ratlam, Princely state of
- İngiliz himayesi
India › Indian Local and Princely states › Satara, Princely state of
India › Indian Local and Princely states › Sikkim, Princely state of
India › Indian Local and Princely states › Sirmur, Princely State of
India › Indian Local and Princely states › Travancore
- Kingdom (1600-1729)
- Kingdom of Travancore
- Princely State of Travancore
- Avittom Thirunal Bala Rama Varma (1798-1810)
- Uthrittathi Thirunal Gowri Parvathi Bayi (1815-1829)
- Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma II (1829-1846)
- Uthram Thirunal Marthanda Varma II (1846-1860)
- Ayilyam Thirunal Rama Varma III (1860-1880)
- Visakham Thirunal Rama Varma IV (1880-1885)
- Moolam Thirunal Rama Varma V (1885-1924)
- Pooradam Thirunal Sethu Lakshmi Bayi (1924-1931)
- Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma II (1931-1947)
India › Indian North-Eastern Dynasties › Arakan, Kingdom of
India › Indian North-Eastern Dynasties › Assam, Kingdom of
- Chakradhwaj Singha (1663-1670)
- Rudra Singha (1696-1714)
- Siva Singha (1714-1744)
- Pramateswari Devi (1722-1731)
- Akari Gabhuru (1739-1744)
- Pramatta Singha (1744-1751)
- Rajeswar Singha (1751-1769)
- Ramakanta Singha (1769-1770)
- Lakshmi Singha (1769-1780)
- Moamoria rebellion (1769-1805)
- Gaurinath Singha (1780-1794)
- Bharath Singha (1791-1797)
- Chandrakanta Singha (1811-1821)
- Brajanath Gohain (1817-1819)
India › Indian North-Eastern Dynasties › Jaintia Kingdom
India › Indian Northern Dynasties › Chauhan Dynasty
India › Indian Northern Dynasties › Tomara dynasty
India › Indian states › Garhwal, Kingdom of
India › Indian states › Lakhnauti, Kingdom of
India › Indian states › Maratha Empire
India › Indian states › Sikh, Empire of
India › Indian states › Sindh Kingdom
India › Indian Sultanates › Bahmani, Sultanate of
- Nasir Al-din Ismail (1346-1347)
- Ala-ud-Din Bahman (1347-1358)
- Muhammad I (1358-1375)
- Ala al-Din Mudjahid (1375-1378)
- Muhammad II (1378-1397)
- Shams al-Din Dawud II (1397)
- Taj ud-Din Firuz (1397-1422)
- Tenagure (1422-1436)
- Alau'd-din Ahmad II (1436-1458)
- Humayun (1458-1461)
- Nizam-Ud-Din Ahmad III (1461-1463)
- Muhammad III (1463-1482)
- Mahmud (1482-1518)
- Wali Allah (1523-1526)
- Kalim-Allah (1526-1538)
India › Indian Sultanates › Bengal, Sultanate of
- Ilyas Shahi Dynasty
- Ganesha Dynasty
- Ilyas Shahi Dynasty (restored)
- Habshi Dynasty
- Hussain Shahi Dynasty
India › Indian Sultanates › Delhi, Sultanate of
- Mamluk dynasty
- Khalji dynasty
- Khusrau Khan (1320)
- Tughlaq dynasty
- Ghiyath ud-Din Tughluq (1320-1325)
- Muhammad bin Tughluq (1325-1351)
- Firuz Shah Tughlaq (1351-1388)
- Fath Khan (1358-1359)
- Muhammad bin Firuz Tughluq (1387-1388)
- Ghiyath ud-Din Tughluq Shah II (1388-1389)
- Zafar Khan (1389)
- Abu Bakr Shah Tughlaq (1389-1390)
- Nasir ud-Din Muhammad Shah III (1390-1393)
- Ala ud-Din Sikandar Shah (1394)
- Nasir ud-Din Mahmud Shah Tughluq (1394-1413)
- Nasir ud-Din Nusrat Shah Tughluq (1395-1399)
- Sayyid dynasty
- Lodi dynasty
India › Indian Sultanates › Gujarat, Sultanate of
- Shams Al-Din Muzaffar Shah I (1407-1411)
- Nasir Al-Din Ahmad Shah I (1411-1442)
- Ghiyath Al-Din Muhammad Shah II (1442-1451)
- Qutb Al-Din Ahmad Shah II (1451-1458)
- Abu'l Fath Nasir Al-Din Mahmud Shah I (1458-1511)
- Shams Al-Din Muzaffar Shah II (1511-1525)
- Nasir Al-Din Mahmud Shah II (1526)
- Nasir Al-Din Sikandar Shah (1526)
- Qutb Al-Din Bahadur Shah (1526-1537)
- Muhammad Shah III (1537)
- Nasir Al-Din Mahmud Shah III (1537-1553)
- Ghiyath Al-Din Ahmad III (1553-1560)
- Shams Al-Din Muzaffar III (1560-1584)
India › Indian Sultanates › Sonargaon, Sultanate of
India › Indian Sultanates › Sur Empire
India › Mughal Empire
- Babur (1526-1560)
- Humayun (1530-1540,1555-1556)
- Akbar (1556-1605)
- Jahangir I (1605-1628)
- Shah Jahan (1628-1658)
- Aurangzeb (1658-1707)
- Bahadur Shah (1707-1712)
- Jahandar Shah (1712-1713)
- Farrukhsiyar (1713-1719)
- Rafi ud-Darajat (1719)
- Shah Jahan II (1719)
- Muhammad Shah (1719-1748)
- Ahmad Shah Bahadur (1748-1754)
- Alamgir II (1754-1759)
- Shah Jahan III (1759-1760)
- Shah Alam II (1760-1788,1788-1806)
- Akbar Shah II (1806-1837)
India › Mughal Empire › Baglana, Kingdom of
Indonesia › Indonesia (1949-date)
Indonesia › Indonesian States › Aceh, Sultanate of
Indonesia › Indonesian States › Banten, Sultanate of
Indonesia › Indonesian States › Demak, Sultanate of
- Sultans of Demak
Indonesia › Indonesian States › Dutch New Guinea
- House of Orange-Nassau
Indonesia › Indonesian States › Gowa, Sultanate of
Indonesia › Indonesian States › Jambi, Sultanate of
- Sultans of Jambi
Indonesia › Indonesian States › Java
Indonesia › Indonesian States › Palembang, Sultanate of
Indonesia › Indonesian States › Pontianak, Sultanate of
- Sultans of Pontianak
Indonesia › Indonesian States › Samudra-Pasai, Sultanate of
Indonesia › Indonesian States › Sumenep, Sultanate of
- Sultans/Regents of Sumenep
Indonesia › Netherlands East Indies (1601-1949)
- Şirket Yönetimi
- Dutch Administration
- House of Orange-Nassau
- Hollanda Krallığı
- House of Orange-Nassau
- Japanese occupation (1942-1945)
Iran
- Safavid Dynasty
- Safavid Restoration
- Afşar Hanedanı
- Safavid Rebels
- Zend Hanedanı
- Afşar Hanedanı
- Zend Hanedanı
- Qajar Dynasty, Sublime State of Persia
- Zend Hanedanı
- Qajar Dynasty, Sublime State of Persia
- Reza Shah (1923-1925)
- Pahlavi Dynasty, Imperial State of Iran
- Islamic Republic (1979-date)
Iran › Iranian States › Eastern Provinces
- Afşar Hanedanı
Iran › Iranian States › Gilan Province
Iran › Iranian States › Hotak dynasty
- Ghilji Rebellion
- Azad Khan Afghan (1750-1757)
Iran › Iranian States › Iranian Azerbaijan
Iran › Iranian States › Iranian Cities › Iran, City of
Iran › Iranian States › Iranian Cities › Mashhad, City of
Iran › Iranian States › Iranian Cities › Rasht, City of
Iran › Iranian States › Iranian Cities › Shiraz, City of
Iran › Iranian States › Iranian Cities › Tabriz, City of
Iran › Iranian States › Iranian Cities › Yazd, City of
Iran › Iranian States › Khorasan Province
Iran › Iranian States › Khoy Khanate
Iran › Iranian States › Northern Provinces
- Qajar Dynasty, Sublime State of Persia
Iraq › Baghdad Eyalet
- Süleyman (1.) (1520-1566)
- Selim II the Blond (1566-1574)
- Murad III (1574-1595)
- 3. Mehmet (1595-1603)
- Ahmed I (1603-1617)
- Mustafa I (1617-1618, 1622-1623)
- Osman II (1618-1622)
- Murad IV (1623-1640)
- Ibrahim I (1640-1648)
- Mehmed IV (1648-1687)
- Suleiman II (1687-1691)
- Ahmed III (1703-1730)
- Mahmud I (1730-1754)
- Mustafa III (1757-1774)
- Abdul Hamid I (1774-1789)
- Mahmud II (1808-1839)
- Sa'id Pasha (1815)
- Abdulmejid I (1839-1861)
Iraq › Basra Eyalet
Iraq
- Mezopotamya İngiliz Mandası
- Hashemite Kingdom
- Cumhuriyet (1958-date)
Iraq › Mosul Eyalet
Ireland
- Lordship, House of Anjou
- Lordship, House of Plantagenet
- Lordship, House of Lancaster
- Lordship, House of York
- Lordship, House of Tudor
- Lambert Simnel (1487)
- Lordship, House of Tudor
- Tudor Hanedanı Krallığı
- House of Stuart
- Great Rebellion (1642)
- Catholic Confederation (1642-1643)
- James Butler, Marquess of Ormond (1643-1648)
- House of Stuart
- Hanover Hanedanı Krallığı
- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, House of Hanover
- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
- Irish Free State (1922-1937)
- Cumhuriyet (1937-date)
Islamic states › Abbasid Caliphate
- Al-Saffah (750-754)
- Al-Mansur (754-775)
- Al-Mahdi (775-785)
- Al-Hadi (785-786)
- Al-Rashid (786-809)
- Zubaidah bint Ja'far (786-809)
- Al-Amin (809-813)
- Al-Natiq Musa (813)
- Al-Ma'mun (813-833)
- Al-Mu'tasim (833-842)
- Al-Wathiq (842-847)
- Al-Mutawakkil (847-861)
- Al-Muntasir (861-862)
- Al-Musta'in (862-866)
- Al-Mu'tazz (866-869)
- Al-Muhtadi (869-870)
- Al-Muwaffaq (870-891)
- Al-Mu'tamid (870-892)
- Al-Mufawwid (875-892)
- Al-Mu'tadid (892-902)
- Al-Muktafi (902-908)
- Al-Muqtadir (908-929)
- Al-Qahir (929, 932-934)
- Al-Radi (934-940)
- Al-Muttaqi (940-944)
- Al-Mustakfi (944-946)
- Al-Muti' (946-974)
- Al-Ta'i (974-991)
- Al-Qa'im (1031-1075)
- Al-Muqtadi (1075-1094)
- Al-Mustazhir (1094-1118)
- Al-Mustarshid (1118-1135)
- Al-Muqtafi (1136-1160)
- Al-Mustanjid (1160-1170)
- Al-Mustadi (1170-1180)
- Al-Nasir (1180-1225)
- Al-Zahir (1225-1226)
- Al-Mustansir (1226-1242)
- Al-Musta'sim (1242-1258)
Islamic states › Abbasid Caliphate › Abbasid rebels › Al-Rayy, City of
Islamic states › Abbasid Caliphate › Abbasid rebels › Alid Rebellion
Islamic states › Abbasid Caliphate › Abbasid rebels › Sogdia Region
Islamic states › Abbasid Caliphate › Abbasid rebels › Zanj Rebellion
Islamic states › Abbasid Caliphate › Abbasid rebels › Zaydi Rebellion
Islamic states › Abbasid Caliphate › Arminiya, Emirate of
Islamic states › Abbasid Caliphate › Crete, Emirate of
Islamic states › Abbasid Caliphate › Dimashq, City of
Islamic states › Abbasid Caliphate › Dulafid dynasty
Islamic states › Abbasid Caliphate › Ifriqiya, Emirate of
Islamic states › Abbasid Caliphate › Ikhshidid dynasty
Islamic states › Abbasid Caliphate › Khorasan, Abbasids of
Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Algeciras, Taifa of
- Hammudid dynasty
Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almería, Taifa of
Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almohad Taifas › Al-Andalus, Almohads of
Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almohad Taifas › Lorca, Taifa of
Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almohad Taifas › Niebla, City of
Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almohad Taifas › Seville, City of
Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almoravid Taifas › Badajoz Region
Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almoravid Taifas › Badja and Silves Regions
Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almoravid Taifas › Badja, City of
Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almoravid Taifas › Baeza, City of
Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almoravid Taifas › Córdoba, City of
Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almoravid Taifas › Martula, City of
Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almoravid Taifas › Murcia, Almoravids of
Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Almoravid Taifas › Uncertain Almoravid taifa
Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Alpuente, Taifa of
- Qasimid dynasty
Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Badajoz, Taifa of
- Aftasid Hanedanı
Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Ceuta, City of
- Hammudid dynasty
- Murâbıt Hanedanı
- Muvahhid Hanedanı
Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Ceuta, Taifa of
- Barghawata Hanedanı
Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Córdoba
- Emirate of Córdoba
- Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba
- Hammudid Caliphate of Córdoba
- Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba
Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Córdoba, Taifa of
- Djahwarid dynasty
Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Dénia, Taifa of
Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Granada, Emirate of
- Nasrid dynasty
- Muhammad I (1237-1273)
- Isma'il I (1314-1325)
- Muhammad IV (1325-1333)
- Yusuf I (1333-1354)
- Muhammad V (1354-1358, 1362-1391)
- Isma'il II (1358-1359)
- Yusuf II (1391-1392)
- Muhammad VII (1392-1408)
- Yusuf III (1408-1417)
- Muhammad VIII (1417-1419, 1427-1429)
- Muhammad IX (1419-1427, 1430-1453)
- Abu'l Hasan Ali (1464-1482, 1483-1485)
- Muhammad XII (1482-1483, 1486-1492)
- Muhammad XIII (1485-1489)
Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Granada, Taifa of
- Zîrî Hanedanı
Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Majorca, Taifa of
- Ağlebî Hanedanı
Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Málaga, Taifa of
Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Segura, City of
Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Seville, Taifa of
Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Toledo, Taifa of
Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Tortosa, Taifa of
Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Tudela, Taifa of
- Hudid dynasty
Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Uncertain Iberian taifa
Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Valencia, Taifa of
- Amirid Hanedanı
- Dhulnunid dynasty
Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Zaragoza, Taifa of › Calatayud, Taifa of
- Hudid dynasty
Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Zaragoza, Taifa of › Lérida, Taifa of
- Hudid dynasty
Islamic states › Al-Andalus and Ceuta › Zaragoza, Taifa of
- Tujibid dynasty
- Hudid dynasty
Islamic states › Almohad Caliphate
- Abd al-Mu'min (1133-1163)
- Abu 'Abd Allah Muhammad (1156-1163)
- Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Mu'min (1163)
- Abu Yaqub Yusuf (1163-1184)
- Yaqub al-Mansur (1184-1199)
- Muhammad al-Nasir (1199-1213)
- Yusuf II (1213-1224)
- Abdallah al-Adil (1224-1227)
- Idris al-Ma'mun (1229-1232)
- Abd al-Wahid II (1232-1242)
- Abu al-Hasan as-Said al-Mutadid (1242-1248)
- Abu Hafs Umar al-Murtada (1248-1266)
- Idris al-Wathiq (1266-1269)
Islamic states › Almoravid dynasty
Islamic states › Almoravid dynasty › Sijilmasa, City of
Islamic states › Anatolian Beyliks › Alaiye, Beylik of
Islamic states › Anatolian Beyliks › Amid, Inalids of
Islamic states › Anatolian Beyliks › Aydin, Beylik of
- Muharizalsîn Gazi Mehmed Bey (1308-1334)
- Umur Bey (1334-1348)
- Sulayman Beg ibn Muhammad (1334-1349)
- Ibrahim Bahadur Beg (1335-1347)
- Khidr ibn Mehmed (1348-1360)
- Yakub Bey (1350)
- Isa ibn Mehmed (1360-1390)
- Musaoğlu Umur II Bey (1403-1405)
- Mehmed Bey (1404)
- İzmiroğlu Cüneyd Bey "Junayd" (1405-1408, 1422-1426)
- Mustafa ibn Aydin (1421-1422)
Islamic states › Anatolian Beyliks › Burhandid dynasty
Islamic states › Anatolian Beyliks › Danishmendid dynasty
Islamic states › Anatolian Beyliks › Danishmendid dynasty › Kayseri, Danishmendids of
Islamic states › Anatolian Beyliks › Danishmendid dynasty › Malatya, Danishmendids of
Islamic states › Anatolian Beyliks › Danishmendid dynasty › Sivas, Danishmendids of
Islamic states › Anatolian Beyliks › Dulkadir, Beylik of
Islamic states › Anatolian Beyliks › Eretna, Beylik of
Islamic states › Anatolian Beyliks › Eshref, Beylik of
Islamic states › Anatolian Beyliks › Germiyan, Beylik of
Islamic states › Anatolian Beyliks › Hamid, Beylik of
Islamic states › Anatolian Beyliks › Isfendiyar, Beylik of
Islamic states › Anatolian Beyliks › Karaman, Beylik of
Islamic states › Anatolian Beyliks › Karasi, Beylik of
Islamic states › Anatolian Beyliks › Lâdik, Beylik of
Islamic states › Anatolian Beyliks › Mengüjek dynasty › Divriği, Mengüjeks of
Islamic states › Anatolian Beyliks › Mengüjek dynasty › Erzincan, Mengüjeks of
Islamic states › Anatolian Beyliks › Mengüjek dynasty › Kegonia, Mengüjeks of
Islamic states › Anatolian Beyliks › Menteshe, Beylik of
Islamic states › Anatolian Beyliks › Saltukid dynasty
Islamic states › Anatolian Beyliks › Saruhan, Beylik of
Islamic states › Arabian Peninsula › Banu Mismar dynasty
Islamic states › Arabian Peninsula › Julandid dynasty
Islamic states › Arabian Peninsula › Khawlanid dynasty
Islamic states › Arabian Peninsula › Mahdid dynasty
Islamic states › Arabian Peninsula › Najahid dynasty
Islamic states › Arabian Peninsula › Rassid dynasty
- Al-Hadi ila al-Haqq (893-911)
- Al-Murtada Muhammad (911-913)
- An-Nasir Ahmad (913-934)
- Al-Muntakhab al-Hasan (934-937)
- Al-Mukhtar al-Qasim (936-956)
- Ad-Da'i Yusuf (976-998, 1003-1010)
- Al-Mansur al-Qasim al-Iyyani (998-1003)
- Al-Qasim ibn al-Husayn (998-1003)
- Muhammad ibn al-Qasim (998-1003)
- Al-Mahdi al-Husayn (1010-1013)
- Banu Hamza Hanedanı
- Al-Mahdi Ahmad (1248-1258)
- Banu Hamza Hanedanı
- Al-Mutawakkil al-Mutahhar (1274-1298)
- Banu Hamza Hanedanı
- Al-Mahdi Muhammad (1298-1328)
- Banu Hamza Hanedanı
- Al-Wathiq al-Mutahhar (1330-1349)
- Al-Nasir Muhammad Salah al-Din (1371-1391)
- Al-Mansur Ali (1391-1436)
- Al-Mutawakkil Sarafaddin Yahya (1506-1558)
- Al-Mutahhar Fakhraddin (1547-1572)
Islamic states › Arabian Peninsula › Rasulid dynasty › Al-Mahjam, City of
Islamic states › Arabian Peninsula › Rasulid dynasty › Dhofar Region
Islamic states › Arabian Peninsula › Rasulid dynasty
- Al-Mansur Umar I (1236-1249)
- Al-Muzaffar Yusuf I (1249-1295)
- Al-Ashraf Umar II (1295-1297)
- Al-Mu'ayyad Da'ud (1297-1321)
- Al-Mujahid Ali (1321-1363)
- Al-Afdal al-Abbas (1363-1377)
- Al-Ashraf Isma'il I (1377-1400)
- An-Nasir Ahmad (1400-1424)
- Al-Mansur Abdallah (1424-1427)
- Al-Ashraf Isma'il II (1427-1428)
- Az-Zahir Yahya (1428-1439)
- Al-Ashraf Isma'il III (1439-1442)
- An-Nasir Ahmad (1442-1443)
Islamic states › Arabian Peninsula › Sana'a, City of
Islamic states › Arabian Peninsula › Sulayhid dynasty
Islamic states › Arabian Peninsula › Tahirid dynasty (Yemen)
Islamic states › Arabian Peninsula › Tarafid dynasty
Islamic states › Arabian Peninsula › Wajihid dynasty
Islamic states › Arabian Peninsula › Ziyadid dynasty
Islamic states › Arabian Peninsula › Zurayid dynasty
Islamic states › Arghun dynasty › Tarkhan dynasty
Islamic states › Artuqid dynasty › Halab, Artuqids of
Islamic states › Artuqid dynasty › Hisn Kayfa and Amid, Artuqids of
Islamic states › Artuqid dynasty › Khartabirt, Artuqids of
Islamic states › Artuqid dynasty › Mardin, Artuqids of
- Husam al-Din Timurtash (1122-1154)
- Najm al-Din Alpï I (1154-1176)
- Qutb al-Din Ilghazi II (1176-1184)
- Qutb al-Din Ilghazi II (1176-1184)
- Husam al-Din Yülük Arslan (1184-1203)
- Artuk Arslan (1202-1239)
- Al-Sa'id Najm al-Din Ghazi I (1239-1260)
- Al-Muzaffar Fakhr al-Din Kara Arslan (1260-1292)
- Al-Mansur Najm al-Din Ghazi II (1294-1312)
- As-Salih Shams al-Din Mahmūd (1312-1364)
- Al-Mansur Husam al-Din Ahmad (1364-1367)
- Al-Muzaffar Fakhr al-Din Dāwūd II (1367-1376)
- Al-Zahir Majd al-Din 'Isā (1376-1407)
- Al-Salih Şhihab al-Din Ahmad (1407-1409)
Islamic states › Ayyubid Sultanate › Aleppo, Ayyubid Emirate of
Islamic states › Ayyubid Sultanate › Damascus, Ayyubid Emirate of
Islamic states › Ayyubid Sultanate › Diyar Bakr, Emirate of
Islamic states › Ayyubid Sultanate › Egypt, Ayyubid Sultanate of
Islamic states › Ayyubid Sultanate › Hamah, Emirate of
Islamic states › Ayyubid Sultanate › Hisn Kayfa, Emirate of
Islamic states › Begtimurid dynasty
Islamic states › Buyid dynasty › Amul and Ruyan, Cities of
Islamic states › Buyid dynasty › Fars, Buyids of
Islamic states › Buyid dynasty › Hamadan, Buyids of
Islamic states › Buyid dynasty › Imranid dynasty
Islamic states › Buyid dynasty › Iraq, Buyids of
Islamic states › Buyid dynasty › Jibal, Buyids of
Islamic states › Buyid dynasty › Kerman, Buyids of
Islamic states › Buyid dynasty › Khuzistan, Buyids of
Islamic states › Buyid dynasty › Tawwaj, City of
Islamic states › Buyid dynasty › Uman, Buyids of
Islamic states › Caucasia, Islamic › Ahdabid dynasty
Islamic states › Caucasia, Islamic › Aq Sunqurid dynasty
Islamic states › Caucasia, Islamic › Darband, Emirate of
Islamic states › Caucasia, Islamic › Hashimid dynasty
Islamic states › Caucasia, Islamic › Rawwadid dynasty
Islamic states › Caucasia, Islamic › Sajid dynasty
Islamic states › Caucasia, Islamic › Shaddadid dynasty › Ani, Emirate of
Islamic states › Caucasia, Islamic › Shaddadid dynasty › Dvin, Shaddadids of
Islamic states › Caucasia, Islamic › Shaddadid dynasty › Ganja, Shaddadids of
Islamic states › Caucasia, Islamic › Shirvanshah dynasty
- Kesrani Hanedanı
- Muhammad IV (981-991)
- Yazid II (991-1027)
- Manuchihr I (1027-1034)
- Ali II (1034-1043)
- Qubad (1043-1049)
- Bukhtnassar (1049-1050)
- Sallar (1050-1063)
- Fariburz I (1063-1096)
- Manuchihr II (1096-1106)
- Afridun I (1106-1120)
- Manuchihr III (1120-1160)
- Akhsitan I (1160-1197)
- Shahanshah (1180-1203)
- Farrukhzad I (1187-1225)
- Garshasp I (1203-1233)
- Fariburz III (1225-1255)
- Akhsitan II (1243-1260)
- Keykavus I (1294-1317)
- House of Derbent
Islamic states › East Africa › Kilwa Sultanate
Islamic states › Fatimid Caliphate › Alexandria, City of
Islamic states › Fatimid Caliphate
- Abu Abdallah al-Shi'i (909-911)
- Al-Mahdi Billah (909-934)
- Al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah (934-946)
- Al-Mansur Billah (946-953)
- Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah (953-975)
- Al-Aziz Billah (975-996)
- Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah (996-1021)
- Al-Zahir li-I'zaz Din Allah (1021-1036)
- Al-Mustansir Billah (1036-1094)
- Al-Musta'li Billah (1094-1101)
- Al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah (1101-1130)
- Al-Hafiz li-Din Allah (1132-1149)
- Roger II of Sicily (1148-1154)
- Al-Zafir bi-A'da' Allah (1149-1154)
- Al-Fa'iz bi-Nasr Allah (1154-1160)
- William I (1154-1160)
- Al-Adid li-Din Allah (1160-1171)
Islamic states › Fatimid Caliphate › Qayrawan, City of
Islamic states › Fatimid Caliphate › Sicily, Emirate of
Islamic states › Ghaznavid dynasty › Bost, City of
Islamic states › Ghaznavid dynasty › Farighunid dynasty
Islamic states › Ghaznavid dynasty
- Sabuktegin (977-997)
- Isma'il (997-998)
- Mahmud (998-1030)
- Mas'ud I (1030-1041)
- Muhammad (1030, 1041)
- Mawdud (1041-1048)
- Ali (1048-1049)
- Abd al-Rashid (1049-1052)
- Tughril (1052-1053)
- Farrukh-Zad (1053-1059)
- Ibrahim (1059-1099)
- Mas'ud III (1099-1115)
- Arslan Shah (1116-1117)
- Bahram Shah (1117-1157)
- Khusrau Shah (1157-1160)
- Khusrau Malik (1160-1186)
Islamic states › Ghaznavid dynasty › Juzjan, Ghaznavids of
Islamic states › Ghaznavid dynasty › Khorasan, Ghaznavids of
Islamic states › Ghaznavid dynasty › Sijistan, Ghaznavids of
Islamic states › Ghaznavid dynasty › Western Khorasan, Ghaznavids of
Islamic states › Ghurid dynasty › Bamiyan, Ghurids of
Islamic states › Ghurid dynasty
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Afrasiyab dynasty
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Alamut State
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Alid dynasty › Hawsam, Zaydi Imams of
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Alid dynasty › Husaynid dynasty
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Alid dynasty › Qazwin, Alids of
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Alid dynasty › Tabaristan, Alids of
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Annazid dynasty
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Aq Qoyunlu, Tribal federation of › Al-Hisn, City of
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Aq Qoyunlu, Tribal federation of
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Aq Qoyunlu, Tribal federation of › Azerbaijan and Iraq, Aq Qoyunlu of
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Aq Qoyunlu, Tribal federation of › Diyarbakir, Aq Qoyunlu of
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Aq Qoyunlu, Tribal federation of › Fars and Iraq-Ajam, Aq Qoyunlu of
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Balkh, Emirate of
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Bavand dynasty
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Begtegīnid dynasty
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Borujerd, Emirate of
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Bost, Emirate of
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Fars, Atabegs of
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Firuzanid dynasty
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Harthamid dynasty
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Hasanwayhid dynasty
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Hazara, Qarluqs of
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Hazaraspid dynasty
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Ildegizid dynasty
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Ildegizid dynasty › Uncertain Ildegizid vassal
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Ilyasid dynasty
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Injuid dynasty
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Justanid dynasty
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Kakwayhid, Emirate of
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Kangarid dynasty
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Kart dynasty
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Khujistanid dynasty
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Khuzestan, Atabegs of
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Mihrabanid dynasty
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Musha'sha' dynasty
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Muzaffarid dynasty
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Muzaffarid dynasty › Sirjan, City of
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Nishapur, Emirate of
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Pishkinid dynasty
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Qutlugh-Khanid dynasty
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Ruyan, Ustundars of
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Saffarid dynasty
- Ya'qub ibn al-Layth (861-879)
- Amr ibn al-Layth (879-901)
- Tahir I ibn Muhammad (901-908)
- Al-Layth ibn 'Ali (908-910)
- Subkari (908-910)
- Al-Mu'addal ibn 'Ali (911)
- Muhammad ibn Hurmuz (911-912)
- Samanid occupation
- Ahmad ibn Muhammad (923-963)
- Khalaf ibn Ahmad (941-945)
- Khalaf ibn Ahmad (963-964, 972-980, 981-1000, 1002)
- Tahir II ibn Muhammad al-Tamimi (964-970)
- Amr ibn Khalaf (970-979)
- Al-Husayn ibn Tahir (970-971, 971-972, 980-981)
- Tahir ibn Khalaf (1000-1002)
- Abu Bakr ibn 'Abd Allah (1003-1004)
- Muhammad ibn 'Abd Allah (1003-1004)
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Saffarid dynasty › Shiraz, Viceroyalty of
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Saffarid dynasty › Sijistan, Later Saffarids of
- Nasrid dynasty
- Abu 'Ali Sa'd ibn Ahmad (1040-1051)
- Nasr ibn Ahmad (1051-1073)
- Khalaf ibn Nasr (1089-1106)
- Taj-al Din II Abu'l-Fadl Nasr (1106-1164)
- Shams al-Din Ahmad (1164-1169)
- Taj al-Din III Harb (1169-1213)
- Taj al-Din IV Nasr ibn Bahramshah (1221)
- Rukn al-Din Abu Mansur (1221-1222)
- Adud al-Din Abu'l-Muzaffar ibn Harb (1222-1225)
- Khwarazm dynasty
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Sallarid dynasty
- Muhammad ibn Musafir (942-952)
- Al-Marzuban ibn Muhammad (942-957)
- Wahsudan ibn Muhammad (942-968)
- Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Razzaq (947-949)
- Justan ibn al-Marzuban (957-960)
- Ibrahim ibn al-Marzuban (960-966)
- Isma'il ibn Wahsudan (961-966)
- Nuh ibn Wahsudan (966)
- Sharmazan ibn Mishaki (966-972)
- Kaykhusraw ibn al-Marzuban (967-968)
- Justan ibn Sharmazan (970)
- Rustam ibn Justan (970-973)
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Sarbedaran dynasty
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Shabankara, Atabegs of
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Su'lukid dynasty
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Tahirid dynasty
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Wakhsh, Emirate of
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Yazd, Atabegs of
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Yun, Emirate of
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Ziyarid dynasty › Gilan, Emirate of
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Ziyarid dynasty › Jibal, Ziyarids of
Islamic states › Greater Iran › Ziyarid dynasty › Tabaristan, Ziyarids of
Islamic states › Hamdanid dynasty › Al-Jazira, Hamdanids of
Islamic states › Hamdanid dynasty › Aleppo, Hamdanids of
Islamic states › Hamdanid dynasty
Islamic states › Jand, Maliks of
Islamic states › Jarrahid dynasty
Islamic states › Khwarazmian dynasties › Kath, Afrighids of
Islamic states › Khwarazmian dynasties › Khwarazmian Empire
Islamic states › Khwarazmian dynasties › Ma'munid dynasty
Islamic states › Kurdish dynasty › Adharbayjan, Kurds of
Islamic states › Kurdish dynasty › Bitlis, Emirate of
Islamic states › Kurdish dynasty › Bukhti, Emirate of
Islamic states › Kurdish dynasty › Hadhabani, Kurds of
Islamic states › Kurdish dynasty › Hakkâri, Emirate of
Islamic states › Kurdish dynasty › Marwanid dynasty
Islamic states › Lu'lu'id dynasty
Islamic states › Mamluk Sultanate
- Salihi Mamluks
- Bahrî Memlûkler
- Baybars I (1260-1277)
- Baraka Qan (1277-1279)
- Salamish (1279)
- Qala'un (1279-1290)
- Khalil (1290-1293)
- Muhammad I (1293-1294, 1299-1309, 1310-1341)
- Kitbugha (1294-1296)
- Lajin (1296-1299)
- Baybars II (1309-1310)
- Abu Bakr (1341)
- Kujuk (1341-1342)
- Tenagure (1342)
- Isma'il (1342-1345)
- Sha'ban I (1345-1346)
- Hajji I (1346-1347)
- Hasan (1347-1351, 1354-1361)
- Salih (1351-1354)
- Muhammad II (1361-1363)
- Sha'ban II (1363-1376)
- Ali II (1376-1381)
- Hajji II (1381-1382, 1389-1390)
- Burji Memlükleri
- Al-Musta'in billah (1412)
- Burji Memlükleri
- Shaykh (1412-1421)
- Ahmad II (1421)
- Tatar (1421)
- Muhammad III (1421-1422)
- Barsbay (1422-1438)
- Yusuf (1438)
- Jaqmaq (1438-1453)
- Uthman (1453)
- Aynal (1453-1461)
- Ahmad III (1461)
- Khushqadam (1461-1467)
- Bilbay (1467)
- Timurbugha (1467-1468)
- Qa'itbay (1468-1496)
- Muhammad IV (1496-1498)
- Qansuh I (1498-1500)
- Janbalat (1500-1501)
- Tumanbay I (1501)
- Qansuh II al-Ghuri (1501-1516)
- Tumanbay II (1516-1517)
Islamic states › Mamluk Sultanate › Syria Region
Islamic states › Mirdasid dynasty
Islamic states › North Africa and Sicily › Banu Ifran dynasty
Islamic states › North Africa and Sicily › Fès, Emirate of
Islamic states › North Africa and Sicily › Hafsid dynasty
- Abu Zakariya Yahya (1229-1249)
- Muhammad I al-Mustansir (1249-1277)
- Yahya II al-Wathiq (1277-1279)
- Ibrahim I (1279-1283)
- Abu Hafs Umar I (1284-1295)
- Abu Asida Muhammad II (1295-1309)
- Abd al-Wahid Zakariya (1311-1317)
- Abu Yahya Abu Bakr II (1318-1346)
- Abu Hafs Umar II (1346-1347)
- Tenagure (1347-1350)
- Abu Ishaq Ibrahim II (1350-1369)
- Ahmad II (1379-1394)
- Abd al-Aziz II (1394-1434)
- Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Abd al-Aziz II (1435-1452)
- Abu 'Amr 'Uthman (1435-1488)
- Muhammad V (1526-1543)
- Ahmad III (1543-1569)
Islamic states › North Africa and Sicily › Idrisid dynasty › Basra, City of
Islamic states › North Africa and Sicily › Idrisid dynasty
Islamic states › North Africa and Sicily › Idrisid dynasty › Kharijite dynasty
Islamic states › North Africa and Sicily › Idrisid dynasty › Uncertain Idrisid city
Islamic states › North Africa and Sicily › Idrisid dynasty › Warzigha, City of
Islamic states › North Africa and Sicily › Idrisid dynasty › Wazzequr, City of
Islamic states › North Africa and Sicily › Khazrunid dynasty › Sijilmasa, Khazrunids of
Islamic states › North Africa and Sicily › Marinid dynasty
- Abu Yahya ibn Abd al-Haqq (1244-1258)
- Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd al-Haqq (1258-1286)
- Abu Yaqub Yusuf an-Nasr (1286-1307)
- Abu Sa'id Uthman II (1310-1331)
- Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Othman (1331-1348)
- Abu Inan Faris (1348-1358)
- Abu Zayyan Muhammad II ibn Faris (1362-1364)
- Abu Faris al-Mustansir Abd al-Aziz ibn Ali (1366-1372)
- Abu Zayyan as-Sa'id Muhammad III ibn Abd al-Aziz (1372-1374)
- Abu al-Abbas Ahmad al-Mustansir (1374-1384, 1387-1393)
- Musa ibn Faris al-Mutawakkil (1384-1386)
- Abd al-Aziz II ibn Ahmad II (1393-1396)
- Abdallah ibn Ahmad II (1396-1398)
- Abu Said Uthman III (1398-1420)
- Abd al-Haqq II (1420-1465)
Islamic states › North Africa and Sicily › Marinid dynasty › Marrakesh, Marinids of
Islamic states › North Africa and Sicily › Midrarid dynasty
Islamic states › North Africa and Sicily › Qayrawan, Zirids of
Islamic states › North Africa and Sicily › Riyahid dynasty
Islamic states › North Africa and Sicily › Rustamid dynasty
Islamic states › North Africa and Sicily › Sulaymanid dynasty
Islamic states › North Africa and Sicily › Wadi Lau, Hammudids of
Islamic states › North Africa and Sicily › Wattasid dynasty
Islamic states › North Africa and Sicily › Western Sicily
- Sicilian Rebellion
Islamic states › North Africa and Sicily › Zayyanid dynasty
- Abu Hammu I Musa (1308-1318)
- Abu Tashufin I (1318-1336)
- Abu Hammu II Musa (1359-1389)
- Abu Ziyyan II Muhammad (1393-1397)
- Abu Muhammad I (1397-1400)
- Abu Malek I (1412-1424)
- Abu Abdallah II (1424-1427)
- Abu Abbas Ahmad I (1430-1462)
- Abu Abdallah III (1462-1468)
- Abu Hammu III Musa (1517-1527)
- Abu Muhammad II (1527-1541)
- Abu Abdallah VI (1541-1543)
- Abu Zayyan III Ahmad (1541-1550)
Islamic states › Numayrid dynasty
Islamic states › Qalhati, Emirate of
Islamic states › Qara Qoyunlu, Tribal federation of › Adilcevaz, City of
Islamic states › Qara Qoyunlu, Tribal federation of › Erzincan, City of
Islamic states › Qara Qoyunlu, Tribal federation of › Iraq, Qara Qoyunlu of
Islamic states › Qara Qoyunlu, Tribal federation of
Islamic states › Qarakhanid dynasty › Eastern Qarakhanid Khaganate (1041-1212)
- Ahmad ibn Muhammad (1045-1052)
- Bahram (1048-1053)
- Jalal al-Dawla Tungha-Tegin (1048-1057)
- Shams al-Dawla Arslan Ilek (1052-1057)
- Nasir al-Dawla Ghazi (1053-1054)
- Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Yusuf (1057-1062)
- Burhan al-Dawla Ayyub (1062)
- Sharaf al-Dawla Mu'izz (1067-1070)
- Yusuf ibn Sulayman (1068-1080)
- Nizam al-Dawla Mahmud (1069-1070)
- Hasan ibn Sulayman (1088-1089)
- Jibra'il ibn 'Umar (1100-1101)
- Tafghaj Khan Ibrahim (1106)
Islamic states › Qarakhanid dynasty › Qarakhanid apanages › Al-Sughd, Qarakhanids of
Islamic states › Qarakhanid dynasty › Qarakhanid apanages › Balkh, Qarakhanids of
Islamic states › Qarakhanid dynasty › Qarakhanid apanages › Banakath, Qarakhanids of
Islamic states › Qarakhanid dynasty › Qarakhanid apanages › Chaghaniyan, Qarakhanids of
Islamic states › Qarakhanid dynasty › Qarakhanid apanages › Ilaq, Qarakhanids of
Islamic states › Qarakhanid dynasty › Qarakhanid apanages › Ishtikhan, Qarakhanids of
Islamic states › Qarakhanid dynasty › Qarakhanid apanages › Karmina, Qarakhanids of
Islamic states › Qarakhanid dynasty › Qarakhanid apanages › Kasan, Qarakhanids of
Islamic states › Qarakhanid dynasty › Qarakhanid apanages › Kashgar, Qarakhanids of
Islamic states › Qarakhanid dynasty › Qarakhanid apanages › Kharashkath, Qarakhanids of
Islamic states › Qarakhanid dynasty › Qarakhanid apanages › Marghinan, Qarakhanids of
Islamic states › Qarakhanid dynasty › Qarakhanid apanages › Parab, Qarakhanids of
Islamic states › Qarakhanid dynasty › Qarakhanid apanages › Taliqan, Qarakhanids of
Islamic states › Qarakhanid dynasty › Qarakhanid apanages › Tirmidh, Qarakhanids of
Islamic states › Qarakhanid dynasty › Qarakhanid apanages › Uncertain Qarakhanid apanage
Islamic states › Qarakhanid dynasty › Qarakhanid apanages › Uzkand, Qarakhanids of
Islamic states › Qarakhanid dynasty › United Qarakhanid Khaganate (840-1041)
- Harun ibn Sulayman (970-992)
- Nasr ibn 'Ali (993-1012)
- Ahmad ibn 'Ali (994-1016)
- Al-Hasan ibn Malik (996)
- Ahmad ibn Nasr (999-1014)
- Nasr ibn al-Qasim (1001-1004)
- Alp Abu'l-Fawaris (1003)
- Bakr ibn al-Hasan (1003-1009)
- Muhammad Sana' al-Dawla ibn 'Ali (1003-1024)
- Muhammad ibn al-Husayn (1004)
- Siraj al-Dawla Yinal-Tegin (1004-1005)
- Yusuf ibn 'Abd Allah (1004-1006, 1012-1014)
- Yusuf ibn Harun (1005-1032)
- Imad al-Dawla Chaghri-Tegin (1006-1016)
- Abu'l-Fawaris Bektuz (1009-1010)
- Nizam al-Dawla Abu'l-Muzaffar Tungha-Tegin (1009-1014)
- Bakr ibn Muhammad (1010)
- Khaqan Simnani (1013-1015)
- Khutlugh Oga (1013-1016)
- Mansur ibn 'Ali (1013-1024)
- Al-Husayn ibn al-Hasan (1013-1027)
- Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn 'Ali (1014-1020)
- Ahmad Atam-Tegin (1014-1033)
- Bars Oga (1015)
- Al-Husayn ibn Mansur (1015-1016)
- Ibrahim ibn Nasr (1017-1040)
- Abd al-Rahman ibn Mahmud (1018)
- Ahmad ibn Mansur (1018-1019)
- Ali ibn Nasr (1020)
- Ali ibn al-Hasan (1020-1035)
- Muhammad ibn Nasr (1020-1055)
- Nizam al-Dawla Yinal-Tegin (1021)
- Ahmad ibn al-Hasan (1022-1023)
- Yusuf ibn Mansur (1022-1023)
- Bektuzun (1024)
- Al-'Abbas ibn Muhammad ibn Nasr (1024-1042)
- Muhammad ibn al-Hasan (1024-1027, 1037-1042)
- Kuj-Tegin (1025-1034)
- Sulayman ibn Harun (1025-1035)
- Yusuf ibn 'Ali (1025-1042)
- Rukn al-Dawla (1030-1032)
- Muhammad ibn Yusuf (1030-1057)
- Sulayman ibn Yusuf (1031-1056)
- Jibra'il ibn Yusuf (1033-1042)
- Shah Malik ibn Mubarak (1038-1039)
Islamic states › Qarakhanid dynasty › Western Qarakhanid Khaganate (1041-1212)
- Ibrahim ibn Nasr (1040-1068)
- Shu'ayth ibn Ibrahim (1058-1062)
- Da'ud ibn Ibrahim (1066-1068)
- Toghan Khan 'Ali (1068-1069)
- Yusuf ibn Burhan al-Dawla (1068-1069)
- Nasr ibn Ibrahim (1068-1080)
- Khidr Hakan Ahmad ibn Ibrahim (1080-1081)
- Ahmad ibn Khidr (1081-1095)
- Muhammad ibn Ibrahim (1089)
- Imad al-Dawla Mahmud (1097)
- Muhammad II ibn Sulayman (1102-1129)
- Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Sulayman (1129-1130)
- Mahmud III ibn Muhamad (1136-1142)
- Ibrahim Rukn al-Din ibn Muhammad (1143-1154)
- Mahmud ibn Husayn (1157)
- Mas'ud ibn al-Hasan (1161-1171)
- Muhammad ibn Mas'ud (1171-1179)
- Rukn al-Din Muhammad ibn Ghiyath (1177-1179)
- Abd al-Khalid (1178-1179)
- Ibrahim ibn al-Husayn (1178-1203)
- Uthman ibn Ibrahim (1178-1203)
Islamic states › Qarlughid dynasty
Islamic states › Qarmatid dynasty › Greater Syria, Qarmatids of
Islamic states › Qarmatid dynasty › Mekka, City of
Islamic states › Qarmatid dynasty › Uman, Qarmatids of
Islamic states › Samanid dynasty › Akhsikath, Samanids of
Islamic states › Samanid dynasty › Andaraba and Banjhir Regions
Islamic states › Samanid dynasty › Banijurid dynasty
Islamic states › Samanid dynasty › Farwan, Emirate of
Islamic states › Samanid dynasty › Khujand, City of
Islamic states › Samanid dynasty › Khuttal, Emirate of
Islamic states › Samanid dynasty › Mattid dynasty
Islamic states › Samanid dynasty › Muhtajid dynasty
Islamic states › Samanid dynasty
- Nuh ibn Asad (819-842)
- Yahya ibn Asad (819-855)
- Tahir II ibn 'Abd Allah (845-862)
- Ahmad ibn Asad (851-864)
- Nasr I (864-892)
- Isma'il Samani (892-907)
- Ahmad Samani (907-914)
- Nasr II (914-943)
- Nuh II (943-954)
- Abd al-Malik I (954-961)
- Mansur I (961-976)
- Nuh III (976-997)
- Mansur II (997-999)
- Abd al-Malik II (999)
- Isma'il Muntasier (1000-1004)
Islamic states › Samanid dynasty › Samanid rebels › Andaraba, City of
Islamic states › Samanid dynasty › Samanid rebels › Nishapur, City of
Islamic states › Samanid dynasty › Samanid rebels › Yahya's Rebellion
Islamic states › Samanid dynasty › Simjurid dynasty
Islamic states › Samanid dynasty › Usrushana, Afshins of
Islamic states › Seljuq dynasty › Arran, Atabegs of
Islamic states › Seljuq dynasty › Borujerd, Atabegs of
Islamic states › Seljuq dynasty › Damascus, Seljuq Emirate of
Islamic states › Seljuq dynasty › Great Seljuq › Burid dynasty
Islamic states › Seljuq dynasty › Great Seljuq › Central Khorasan, Seljuqs of
Islamic states › Seljuq dynasty › Great Seljuq › Eastern Khorasan, Seljuqs of
Islamic states › Seljuq dynasty › Great Seljuq
Islamic states › Seljuq dynasty › Great Seljuq › Khorasan, Seljuqs of
Islamic states › Seljuq dynasty › Hamadan Sultanate
Islamic states › Seljuq dynasty › Hamadan, Seljuqs of
Islamic states › Seljuq dynasty › Kerman Sultanate
Islamic states › Seljuq dynasty › Rûm Sultanate › Ankara, City of
Islamic states › Seljuq dynasty › Rûm Sultanate › Eastern Provinces (Rûm)
Islamic states › Seljuq dynasty › Rûm Sultanate › Erzurum, City of
Islamic states › Seljuq dynasty › Rûm Sultanate › Konya, City of
Islamic states › Seljuq dynasty › Rûm Sultanate › Malayta, City of
Islamic states › Seljuq dynasty › Rûm Sultanate
- Mesud I (1116-1156)
- Kilij Arslan II (1156-1192)
- Kaykhusraw I (1192-1196, 1205-1211)
- Suleiman II (1196-1204)
- Kaykaus I (1211-1220)
- Kayqubad I (1220-1237)
- Kaykhusraw II (1237-1246)
- Kaykaus II (1246-1262)
- Kayqubad II (1249-1254)
- Kilij Arslan IV (1249-1254, 1262-1266)
- Kaykhusraw III (1266-1284)
- Mesud II (1284-1297,1300-1302,1303-1308)
- Kayqubad III (1298-1302)
Islamic states › Seljuq dynasty › Rûm Sultanate › Sivas and Aksaray, Cities of
Islamic states › Seljuq dynasty › Rûm Sultanate › Sivas, City of
Islamic states › Seljuq dynasty › Rûm Sultanate › Tokat, City of
Islamic states › Seljuq dynasty › Rûm Sultanate › Uncertain rebel City (Rûm)
Islamic states › Seljuq dynasty › Rûm Sultanate › Western Provinces
Islamic states › Seljuq dynasty › Syria, Seljuq Emirate of
Islamic states › Sind
- Umayyad Caliphate
- Abbâsî Hanedanı
- Mansur ibn Jumhur al-Kalbi (747-751)
- Uyayna ibn Musa al-Tamimi (754-760)
- Umar ibn Hafs Hazarmard al-Muhallabi (760-768)
- Da'ud ibn Yazid al-Muhallabi (800-820)
- Jabir ibn al-Ash'ath (812-815)
- Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath (812-815)
- Bishr ibn Da'ud al-Muhallabi (820-826)
- Al-Simmah (820-850)
- Hajjib ibn Salih (826-828)
- Yahya (828-831)
- Musa ibn Yayha al-Barmaki (831-836)
- Imran ibn Musa ibn Yayha (836-838)
- Farâs (840-854)
- Habbari dynasty
- Umar I ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz al-Habbari (854-884)
- Hatim "Khatam" (860-901)
- Abd al-Rahman (875-925)
- Abd Allah I ibn 'Umar (883-913)
- Muhammad I ibn 'Abd al-Rahman (901-925)
- Abd Allah II (901-975)
- Umar II ibn 'Abd Allah (913-943)
- Muhammad II (943-974)
- Tenagure (950-1001)
- Ali ibn 'Umar (973-987)
- Al-Murid (975-1001)
- Isa ibn 'Ali (987-1001)
- Abd Allah III (1001-1015)
- Abu Mansur (1001-1024)
- Al-Muzaffar (1001-1024)
- Abu Yusuf (1005-1040)
- Ibrahim (1015-1024)
- Post-Habbaris
Islamic states › Tulunid dynasty › Cilicia Region
Islamic states › Tulunid dynasty › Filastin Region
Islamic states › Tulunid dynasty
Islamic states › Umayyad Caliphate
Islamic states › Umayyad Caliphate › Umayyad rebels › Abu Muslim's Partisans
Islamic states › Umayyad Caliphate › Umayyad rebels › Baward, City of
Islamic states › Umayyad Caliphate › Umayyad rebels › Kharijite rebels › Al-Kufa, City of
Islamic states › Umayyad Caliphate › Umayyad rebels › Mawsil, City of
Islamic states › Umayyad Caliphate › Umayyad rebels › Mu'awiya's Partisans
Islamic states › Umayyad Caliphate › Umayyad rebels › Sijistan, Umayyads of
Islamic states › Uqaylid dynasty › Aleppo, City of
Islamic states › Uqaylid dynasty › Balad, Uqaylids of
Islamic states › Uqaylid dynasty › Banu Uqayl dynasty
Islamic states › Uqaylid dynasty › Barqa'id, Uqaylids of
Islamic states › Uqaylid dynasty › Mawsil, Uqaylids of
Islamic states › Uqaylid dynasty › Nasibin, Uqaylids of
Islamic states › Uqaylid dynasty › Sinjar, Uqaylids of
Islamic states › Uqaylid dynasty › Takrit, Uqaylids of
Islamic states › Uqaylid dynasty › Ukbara, Uqaylids of
Islamic states › Uqaylid dynasty › Uncertain Uqaylid region
Islamic states › Volga Bulgaria
Islamic states › Zengid dynasty › Aleppo, Zengid Emirate of
Islamic states › Zengid dynasty › Jazira, Emirate of
Islamic states › Zengid dynasty › Mosul, Emirate of
Islamic states › Zengid dynasty › Shahrazur, Zengids of
Islamic states › Zengid dynasty › Sinjar, Emirate of
Israel › British Palestine
Israel
Italian East Africa
Italy › Italian States › Acqui, Bishopric of
Italy › Italian States › Acqui, Bishopric of Italy › Italian States › Acqui, City of
Italy › Italian States › Albera, Marquisate of
Italy › Italian States › Alessandria, City of
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Italy › Italian States › Antignate, Lordship of Italy › Italian States › Apulia and Calabria
Italy › Italian States › Apulia and Calabria Italy › Italian States › Aquileia, Patriarchate of
- Poppo (1019-1042)
- Conrad II (1027-1039)
- Godfrey of Hohenstaufen (1182-1194)
- Pellegrino II (1195-1204)
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- Gregory of Montelongo (1251-1269)
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- Philip of Alençon (1381-1387)
- John of Moravia (1387-1394)
- Anthony I Caetani (1394-1402)
- Anthony II Panciera (1402-1412)
- Louis of Teck (1412-1420)
Italy › Italian States › Arborea, Judicate of
Italy › Italian States › Arborea, Judicate of Italy › Italian States › Arezzo
Italy › Italian States › Arezzo Italy › Italian States › Arquata, Marquisate of
Italy › Italian States › Arquata, Marquisate of Italy › Italian States › Asti
- Free Republic (1140-1314)
- Montferratine Rule, House of Paleologo
- French Rule, House of Valois
- Autonomous municipality (1422-1447)
- French Rule, House of Valois
- Roman-German Rule, House of Habsburg
Italy › Italian States › Belgioioso, Principality of
Italy › Italian States › Belgioioso, Principality of Italy › Italian States › Benevello, County of
Italy › Italian States › Benevello, County of Italy › Italian States › Bergamo, City of
Italy › Italian States › Bergamo, City of- Republic of Venice
Italy › Italian States › Bologna, Republic of
Italy › Italian States › Bologna, Republic of- Cumhuriyet (1191-1337)
- Taddeo Pepoli (1337-1347)
- Giacomo Pepoli (1347-1350)
- Giovanni Pepoli (1347-1350)
- Giovanni Visconti da Oleggio (1350-1360)
- Cumhuriyet (1376-1401)
- Giovanni I Bentivoglio (1401-1402)
- John Galeazzo Visconti (1402-1403)
- Philip Maria Visconti (1438-1443)
- Sante Bentivoglio (1442-1462)
- Giovanni II Bentivoglio (1462-1506)
- Kispadane Cumhuriyeti
Italy › Italian States › Borgotaro
Italy › Italian States › Borgotaro Italy › Italian States › Bozzolo
Italy › Italian States › Brescia
Italy › Italian States › Brescia Italy › Italian States › Busca, Marquisate of
Italy › Italian States › Busca, Marquisate of Italy › Italian States › Camerino
Italy › Italian States › Camerino Italy › Italian States › Campi, Principality of
Italy › Italian States › Campi, Principality of Italy › Italian States › Campobasso, County of
Italy › Italian States › Campobasso, County of Italy › Italian States › Carretto, Marquises of
Italy › Italian States › Carretto, Marquises of Italy › Italian States › Castelgenovese, County of
Italy › Italian States › Castelgenovese, County of- Doria Family
Italy › Italian States › Castiglione Delle Stiviere
- House of Gonzaga-Castiglione
Italy › Italian States › Castro, Duchy of
- House of Farnese
Italy › Italian States › Ceva, Marquisate of
Italy › Italian States › Ceva, Marquisate of Italy › Italian States › Cisalpine Republic
Italy › Italian States › Cisterna and Belriguardo, Principality of
Italy › Italian States › Cisterna and Belriguardo, Principality of Italy › Italian States › Cocconato, County of
Italy › Italian States › Como
Italy › Italian States › Como Italy › Italian States › Compiano, Principality of
Italy › Italian States › Compiano, Principality of Italy › Italian States › Correggio
- County of Correggio
- Principality of Correggio
Italy › Italian States › Crema, Lordship of
Italy › Italian States › Crema, Lordship of Italy › Italian States › Cremona, City of
Italy › Italian States › Cremona, City of Italy › Italian States › Crevacuore, Marquisate of
Italy › Italian States › Crevacuore, Marquisate of Italy › Italian States › Desana, County of
- Ludovico II Tizzone (1510-1525)
- Francesco Mareuil, Baron of Montmoreau (1515-1516)
- Pietro Bérard, Lord of Foucadière (1516-1529)
- Giovanni Bartolomeo Tizzone (1525-1533)
- Filippo Tornielli, Count of Briona (1527-1529)
- Agostino Tizzone (1559-1582)
- Delfino Tizzone (1583-1598)
- Antonio Maria Tizzone (1598-1641)
- Carlo Giuseppe Francesco Tizzone (1641-1676)
Italy › Italian States › Fermo, City of
Italy › Italian States › Fermo, City of Italy › Italian States › Ferrara
- Cumhuriyet (1200-1344)
- Lordship of Ferrara
- Duchy of Ferrara
Italy › Italian States › Florence, Republic of
- Republic of Florence
- Republic of Florence, House of Medici
Italy › Italian States › Fosdinovo, Marquisate of
Italy › Italian States › Frinco, Lordship of
Italy › Italian States › Friuli
Italy › Italian States › Fruttuaria, Abbey of
Italy › Italian States › Fruttuaria, Abbey of Italy › Italian States › Gazoldo, Marquisate of
Italy › Italian States › Gazoldo, Marquisate of Italy › Italian States › Genoa › Genoa, Republic of (1139-1797)
- Biennial Doges
- Commune (1139-1339)
- Doges of Genoa
- Foreign Lords of Genoa
- Doges of Genoa
- Foreign Lords of Genoa
- Doges of Genoa
- Foreign Lords of Genoa
- Doges of Genoa
- Foreign Lords of Genoa
- Doges of Genoa
- Foreign Lords of Genoa
- Doges of Genoa
Italy › Italian States › Gorizia, County of
Italy › Italian States › Guastalla, Duchy of
Italy › Italian States › Italy, Napoleonic Kingdom of
Italy › Italian States › Italy, Napoleonic Republic of
Italy › Italian States › Ivrea, City of
Italy › Italian States › Loano, County of
Italy › Italian States › Loano, County of Italy › Italian States › Lombardy-Venetia, Kingdom of
- Habsburg Hanedanı-Loreyn
- Republic of San Marco (1848-1849)
- Habsburg Hanedanı-Loreyn
Italy › Italian States › Lucca
- Republic of Lucca
- Rossi of Parma (1333-1335)
- Republic of Lucca
- Principality of Lucca and Piombino
- Duchy of Lucca
Italy › Italian States › Maccagno
Italy › Italian States › Mantua, City under siege of
Italy › Italian States › Mantua, City under siege of Italy › Italian States › Mantua, Duchy of
- House of Bonacolsi
- House of Gonzaga
- 1. Luis (1328-1360)
- Guy (1360-1369)
- Louis II (1369-1382)
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- Tenagure (1433-1444)
- Louis III (1444-1478)
- Frederick I (1478-1484)
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- Frederick II (1519-1530)
- Frederick II (1530-1540)
- Francis III (1540-1550)
- William I (1550-1587)
- 1. Vincent (1587-1612)
- Francis IV (1612)
- 1. Ferdinand (1612-1626)
- House of Gonzaga-Guastalla
- House of Gonzaga-Nevers
- Charles VI (1711-1740)
- Maria Theresa (1740-1780)
- Francis II (1792-1797)
- 1. Ferdinand (1835-1848)
- Siege of 1848 (1848)
Italy › Italian States › Massa Lombarda, Marquisate of
Italy › Italian States › Massa Lombarda, Marquisate of Italy › Italian States › Massa-Carrara, Duchy of
Italy › Italian States › Masserano
- County of Masserano
- Marquessate of Masserano
- Principality of Masserano
Italy › Italian States › Milan
- Commune (1155-1250)
- First Ambrosian Republic (1250-1310)
- Henry VII (1308-1313)
- Louis IV (1328-1329)
- Lordship of Milan
- Duchy of Milan
- Second Ambrosian Republic (1447-1450)
- Duchy of Milan
- Francis I Sforza (1450-1466)
- Bianca Maria Visconti (1450-1468)
- Galeazzo Maria Sforza (1466-1476)
- Bona of Savoy (1476-1481)
- John Galeazzo Maria Sforza (1476-1494)
- Louis Maria Sforza (1494-1499)
- Beatrice d'Este (1496-1497)
- Louis XII of France (1499-1512)
- Maximilian Sforza (1512-1515)
- Francis I of France (1515-1521)
- Francis II Sforza (1521-1535)
- Charles V (1535-1540)
- Philip II of Spain (1540-1598)
- Philip III of Spain (1598-1621)
- Margaret of Austria (1599-1611)
- Philip IV of Spain (1621-1665)
- Mariana of Austria (1649-1665)
- Charles II (1665-1700)
- Philip V (1700-1714)
- Charles III (1714-1740)
- Maria Theresa (1740-1780)
- Joseph I (1741-1790)
- Leopold II (1790-1792)
- Francis III (1792-1796,1799-1800)
Italy › Italian States › Mirandola
- Lordship of Mirandola
- Principality of Mirandola
- Duchy of Mirandola
Italy › Italian States › Modena and Reggio, Duchy of
- Commune (Modena) (1226-1289)
- Commune (Reggio) (1233-1289)
- House of Este
- Cumhuriyet (1306-1336)
- House of Este
- Papal occupation
- Imperial Control
- Papal occupation
- House of Este
- French Control
- House of Este
Italy › Italian States › Montferrat
- March of Montferrat
- Manfred IV, Marquess of Saluzzo (1296-1340)
- Theodore I Palaeologus (1307-1338)
- John I Palaeologus (1338-1372)
- Secondotto Palaeologus (1372-1378)
- John II Palaeologus (1378-1381)
- Theodore II Palaeologus (1381-1418)
- John Jacob Palaeologus (1418-1445)
- John IV Palaeologus (1445-1464)
- William VIII Palaeologus (1464-1483)
- Boniface III Palaeologus (1483-1494)
- William IX Palaeologus (1494-1518)
- Boniface IV Palaeologus (1518-1530)
- John George Palaeologus (1530-1533)
- Charles V (Imperial rule) (1533-1536)
- Frederick II Gonzaga (1536-1540)
- Margaret Palaeologa (1536-1540)
- Francis III Gonzaga (1540-1550)
- Duchy of Montferrat
- March of Montferrat
- Duchy of Montferrat
Italy › Italian States › Musso, Marquisate of
Italy › Italian States › Musso, Marquisate of Italy › Italian States › Naples, Duchy of
Italy › Italian States › Naples, Kingdom of
- Anjou Hanedanı
- House of Valois-Anjou
- House of Anjou-Durazzo
- House of Valois-Anjou
- House of Anjou-Durazzo
- House of Valois-Anjou
- House of Trastámara
- Conspiracy of the Barons (1458-1464)
- House of Trastámara
- French occupation, House of Valois
- House of Trastámara
- Union with France, House of Valois-Orléans
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- Union with Spain, House of Habsburg
- Union with Spain, House of Trastámara
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- Neapolitan Republic
- Union with Spain, House of Habsburg
- Union with Spain, House of Bourbon
- Habsburg Hanedanı
- House of Bourbon
- French Sister Republic
- House of Bonaparte
- House of Murat
Italy › Italian States › Novara
Italy › Italian States › Novara- Commune of Novara
- Marquessate of Novara
Italy › Italian States › Novellara and Bagnolo, County of
Italy › Italian States › Novellara and Bagnolo, County of Italy › Italian States › Ossola Valley, County of
Italy › Italian States › Ossola Valley, County of Italy › Italian States › Padova, Lordship of
- Commune (1271-1328)
- Imperial Vicars of Padua
- House of Carrara
- Republic of Venice
Italy › Italian States › Parma and Piacenza, Duchy of
- House of Farnese
- House of Bourbon-Parma
- Maria Theresa (1740-1744)
- Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia (1744-1745)
- House of Bourbon-Parma
- Marie Louise (1814-1847)
Italy › Italian States › Parma, City of
Italy › Italian States › Parma, City of Italy › Italian States › Pavia
Italy › Italian States › Pesaro, City of
Italy › Italian States › Pescara and Vasto, Marquisats of
Italy › Italian States › Pescara and Vasto, Marquisats of Italy › Italian States › Piacenza, City of
Italy › Italian States › Piedmont-Sardinia, Kingdom of
Italy › Italian States › Piedmont, Lordship of
Italy › Italian States › Piedmont, Lordship of Italy › Italian States › Piombino, Principality of
Italy › Italian States › Pisa, Republic of
Italy › Italian States › Ponzone, Marquisate of
Italy › Italian States › Ponzone, Marquisate of Italy › Italian States › Ravenna, City of
Italy › Italian States › Ravenna, City of- Republic of Venice
Italy › Italian States › Retegno
Italy › Italian States › Rimini
- City of Rimini
- Lordship of Rimini
Italy › Italian States › Roman Republic
Italy › Italian States › Roman Sister Republic
Italy › Italian States › Ronco, County of
Italy › Italian States › Ronco, County of Italy › Italian States › Sabbioneta, Duchy of
Italy › Italian States › Saluzzo, Marquisate of
Italy › Italian States › San Giorgio and Polistena, Marquisat of
Italy › Italian States › San Giorgio and Polistena, Marquisat of- Milano Family
Italy › Italian States › Santa Fiora, County of
Italy › Italian States › Santa Fiora, County of Italy › Italian States › Sardinia, Kingdom of
- House of Barcelona
- House of Trastámara
- Habsburg Hanedanı (İspanya kolu)
- House of Bourbon
- Habsburg Hanedanı (Avusturya Kolu)
Italy › Italian States › Savona
Italy › Italian States › Savoy, Duchy of
- Emmanuel Philibert the Ironhead (1553-1580)
- Charles Emmanuel I (1580-1630)
- Victor Amadeus I (1630-1637)
- Francis Hyacinth (1637-1638)
- Christine Marie (1637-1648)
- Charles Emmanuel II (1638-1675)
- Marie Jeanne Baptiste of Savoy-Nemours (1675-1684)
- Victor Amadeus II (1675-1730)
- Charles Emmanuel III (1730-1773)
- Victor Amadeus III (1773-1796)
- Charles Emmanuel IV (1796-1802)
- Victor Emmanuel I (1802-1821)
- Charles Felix (1821-1831)
- Charles Albert (1831-1849)
- Victor Emmanuel II (1849-1861)
Italy › Italian States › Sicily, Kingdom of
- House of Hauteville
- House of Hohenstaufen
- House of Anjou-Sicily
- House of Barcelona
- House of Anjou-Sicily
- House of Barcelona
- House of Trastámara
- Habsburg Hanedanı
- House of Bourbon
- House of Savoy
- Habsburg Hanedanı
- House of Bourbon
Italy › Italian States › Siena Republic
Italy › Italian States › Spoleto
Italy › Italian States › Spoleto Italy › Italian States › Syracuse, City of
Italy › Italian States › Syracuse, City of Italy › Italian States › Tassarolo, County of
Italy › Italian States › Torriglia, Lordship of
Italy › Italian States › Torriglia, Lordship of Italy › Italian States › Trento, Prince-bishopric of
Italy › Italian States › Tresana, Marquisate of
Italy › Italian States › Tresana, Marquisate of Italy › Italian States › Treviso, City of
Italy › Italian States › Treviso, City of Italy › Italian States › Trieste, City of
Italy › Italian States › Tuscany, Grand Duchy of
- Grand Duchy of Tuscany, House of Medici
- Grand Duchy of Tuscany, House of Habsburg-Lorraine
- Eturya Krallığı
- Grand Duchy of Tuscany, House of Habsburg-Lorraine
- Provisional Government (1859)
- House of Savoy
Italy › Italian States › Two Sicilies, Kingdom of the
Italy › Italian States › United Provinces of Central Italy
- Piyemonte-Sardinya Krallığı Müşterisi
Italy › Italian States › Urbino, Duchy of
- Guidantonio of Montefeltro (1403-1443)
- Oddantonio of Montefeltro (1443-1444)
- Frederick of Montefeltro (1444-1482)
- Guidobaldo of Montefeltro (1482-1508)
- Francis Maria I della Rovere (1508-1538)
- Lorenzo II de' Medici (1516-1519)
- Guidobaldo II della Rovere (1538-1574)
- Francis Maria II della Rovere (1574-1625)
Italy › Italian States › Venice
- İtalya Krallığı
- Republic of Venice
- Vital II Michele (1156-1172)
- Sebastiano Ziani (1172-1178)
- Orio Mastropiero (1178-1192)
- Enrico Dandolo (1192-1205)
- Pietro Ziani (1205-1229)
- Jacopo Tiepolo (1229-1249)
- Marino Morosini (1249-1252)
- Reniero Zeno (1252-1268)
- Lorenzo Tiepolo (1268-1275)
- Jacopo Contarini (1275-1280)
- Giovanni Dandolo (1280-1289)
- Pietro Gradenigo (1289-1311)
- Marino Zorzi (1311-1312)
- Giovanni Soranzo (1312-1328)
- Francesco Dandolo (1328-1339)
- Bartolomeo Gradenigo (1339-1342)
- Andrea Dandolo (1342-1354)
- Marino Faliero (1354-1355)
- Giovanni Gradenigo (1355-1356)
- Giovanni Dolfin (1356-1361)
- Lorenzo Celsi (1361-1365)
- Marco Cornaro (1365-1367)
- Andrea Contarini (1367-1382)
- Michele Morosini (1382)
- Anthony Venier (1382-1400)
- Michele Steno (1400-1413)
- Tommaso Mocenigo (1413-1423)
- Francesco Foscari (1423-1457)
- Pasquale Malipiero (1457-1462)
- Cristoforo Moro (1462-1471)
- Nicolò Tron (1471-1473)
- Nicolò Marcello (1473-1474)
- Pietro Mocenigo (1474-1476)
- Andrea Vendramin (1476-1478)
- Giovanni Mocenigo (1478-1485)
- Marco Barbarigo (1485-1486)
- Agostino Barbarigo (1486-1501)
- Leonardo Loredan (1501-1521)
- Anthony Grimani (1521-1523)
- Andrea Gritti (1523-1538)
- Pietro Lando (1539-1545)
- Francesco Donato (1545-1553)
- Marcantonio Trevisan (1553-1554)
- Francesco Venier (1554-1556)
- Lorenzo Priuli (1556-1559)
- Girolamo Priuli (1559-1567)
- Pietro Loredan (1567-1570)
- Alvise I Mocenigo (1570-1577)
- Sebastiano Venier (1577-1578)
- Nicolò da Ponte (1578-1585)
- Pasqual Cicogna (1585-1595)
- Marino Grimani (1595-1606)
- Leonardo Donato (1606-1612)
- Marcantonio Memmo (1612-1615)
- Giovanni Bembo (1615-1618)
- Nicolò Donato (1618)
- Antonio Priuli (1618-1623)
- Francesco Contarini (1623-1624)
- Giovanni I Cornaro (1624-1630)
- Nicolò Contarini (1630-1631)
- Francesco Erizzo (1631-1646)
- Francesco Molin (1646-1655)
- Carlo Contarini (1655-1656)
- Francesco Cornaro (1656)
- Bertuccio Valiero (1656-1658)
- Giovanni Pesaro (1658-1659)
- Domenico II Contarini (1659-1674)
- Nicolò Sagredo (1674-1676)
- Alvise Contarini (1676-1683)
- Marcantonio Giustinian (1683-1688)
- Francesco Morosini (1688-1694)
- Silvestro Valiero (1694-1700)
- Alvise II Mocenigo (1700-1709)
- Giovanni II Cornaro (1709-1722)
- Alvise III Sebastiano Mocenigo (1722-1732)
- Carlo Ruzzini (1732-1735)
- Alvise Pisani (1735-1741)
- Pietro Grimani (1741-1752)
- Francesco Loredan (1752-1762)
- Marco Foscarini (1762-1763)
- Alvise Giovanni Mocenigo (1763-1779)
- Paolo Renier (1779-1789)
- Ludovico Manin (1789-1797)
- Provisional Municipality of Venice
- Habsburg Venetian Province
- Republic of San Marco
Italy › Italian States › Vergagni, Lordship of
Italy › Italian States › Vergagni, Lordship of Italy › Italian States › Verona, City of
- Commune (1183-1236)
- Ezzelino da Romano (1236-1259)
- Lordship of Verona
- Mastino I della Scala (1262-1277)
- Albert I della Scala (1277-1301)
- Bartholomeo I della Scala (1301-1304)
- Alboino della Scala (1308-1311)
- Cangrande I della Scala (1308-1336)
- Mastino II (1329-1351)
- Albert II (1329-1352)
- Bartolomeo II (1375-1381)
- Antonio I (1375-1387)
- John Galeazzo Visconti (1387-1402)
- Maximilian I (1509-1516)
Italy › Italian States › Vicenza, City of
Italy › Italian States › Vicenza, City of Italy › Italian States › Villa di Chiesa, City of
Italy › Italian States › Villa di Chiesa, City of- Donoratico İlçe Komünü
Italy › Italian States › Volterra, Bishopric of
Italy › Italian States › Volterra, Bishopric of Italy
Ivory Coast
Jamaica
Japan
- Genmei (707-715)
- Junnin (758-764)
- Shōtoku (764-770)
- Kanmu (781-806)
- Saga (809-823)
- Ninmyō (833-850)
- Seiwa (858-876)
- Uda (887-897)
- Daigo (897-930)
- Murakami (946-967)
- Go-Yōzei (1586-1611)
- Go-Mizunoo (1611-1629)
- Nakamikado (1709-1735)
- Sakuramachi (1735-1747)
- Go-Sakuramachi (1762-1771)
- Go-Momozono (1771-1779)
- Ninkō (1817-1846)
- Kōmei (1846-1867)
- Meiji (1867-1912)
- Taishō (1912-1926)
- Shōwa (1926-1989)
- Heisei (1989-2019)
- Reiwa (2019-date)
Jordan
Judea
- Ptolemaic Kingdom
- Seleucid Empire
- Hasmonean dynasty
- First Jewish Revolt (66-73)
- Eleazar ben Shimon (132-133)
- Bar Kokhba Revolt (132-135)
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kenya › Mombasa
Kiribati
Korea › Goryeo (918-1392)
Korea › Joseon (1392-1897)
Korea › Korea under Japanese Rule (1910-1945)
- Japanese Protectorate
Korea › Korean Empire (1897-1910)
- Joseon Dynasty
Kuwait
Kyivan Rus
Kyivan Rus › Tmutarakan, Principality of
Kyrgyzstan
Laos
Lebanon
- French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon
- Cumhuriyet (1943-date)
Leeward Islands
- House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Lesotho
- House of Moshoeshoe
Libya
Libya › Tripoli, Regency of
- Süleyman (1.) (1551-1566)
- Selim II (1566-1574)
- Murad III (1574-1595)
- Ahmed I (1603-1617)
- Osman II (1618-1622)
- Murad IV (1623-1640)
- Ibrahim I (1640-1648)
- Mehmed IV (1648-1687)
- Suleiman II (1687-1691)
- Mustafa II (1695-1703)
- Ahmed III (1703-1730)
- Mahmud I (1730-1754)
- Osman III (1754-1757)
- Mustafa III (1757-1774)
- Abdul Hamid I (1774-1789)
- Selim III (1789-1807)
- Mustafa IV (1807-1808)
- Mahmud II (1808-1839)
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Lithuania › Lithuania, Grand Duchy of
- House of Gediminas
- House of Jagiellon
- House of Gediminas
- House of Jagiellon
Lithuania › Memel Territory
Livonia › Courland and Semigallia, Duchy of
Livonia › Livonia, Duchy of
Livonia › Livonia, Swedish
- House of Vasa
- House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken
Livonia › Livonia, Swedish › Riga, City of
- House of Vasa
- House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken
Livonia › Livonian Confederation › Dorpat, Bishopric of
- Hermann I (1224-1248)
- Johannes I Viffhusen (1346-1373)
- Henry I of Velde (1373-1378)
- Dietrich II Damerow (1378-1400)
- Henry II Wrangel (1400-1410)
- Bernard II Bülow (1410-1413)
- Theoderic III Resler (1413-1426)
- Dietrich Gronow (1427-1440)
- Bartholomäus Savijerwe (1441-1459)
- Helmich of Mallinckrodt (1459-1468)
- Andreas Pepler (1468-1473)
- Johannes II Bertkow (1473-1485)
- Dietrich V Hake (1485-1498)
- Johannes III von der Rope (1499-1505)
- Johannes IV Duesborg (1513-1514)
- Sede vacante (1515)
- Christian Bomhower (1515-1518)
- Johannes V Blankenfeld (1518-1527)
- Sede vacante (1528)
- Johannes VI Bey (1528-1543)
- Jodokus von der Recke (1544-1551)
- Hermann II Wesel (1552-1558)
- Russian occupation (1558)
Livonia › Livonian Confederation › Livonia and Riga
Livonia › Livonian Confederation › Livonia and Riga- Riga Başpiskoposluğu
- Livonian Order
- Riga Başpiskoposluğu
- Livonian Order
- Riga Başpiskoposluğu
- Livonian Order
Livonia › Livonian Confederation › Livonian Order
- Arnold von Vietinghof (1359-1364)
- William of Vrymersheim (1364-1385)
- Robin von Eltz (1385-1389)
- Wennemar von Brüggeneye (1389-1401)
- Conrad of Vietinghof (1401-1413)
- Diderick Tork (1413-1415)
- Siegfried of Spanheim (1415-1424)
- Zisse von Rutenberg (1424-1433)
- Bernard of the Borch (1471-1483)
- John Freitag of Loringhoven (1483-1494)
- Walter of Plettenberg (1494-1535)
- Hermann von Brüggeneye (1535-1549)
- John of the Recke (1549-1551)
- Henry of Galen (1551-1557)
- William of Fürstenberg (1557-1559)
- Gotthard Kettler (1559-1661)
Livonia › Livonian Confederation › Riga, Archbishopric of
Livonia › Livonian Confederation › Riga, Free city of
Lombard Kingdom › Benevento
- Gisulf I (689-706)
- Romoald II (706-730)
- Gregory (733-739)
- Gottschalk (739-742)
- Gisulf II (742-751)
- Scaunipergas (751-755)
- Liutprand (751-758)
- Arichis II (758-774)
- Arichis II (774-787)
- Karolenj Hanedanı
- Grimoald III (788-806)
- Grimoald IV (806-817)
- Sico (817-832)
- Sicard (832-839)
- Radelchis (839-851)
- Louis II (850-875)
- Engelberga (851-875)
- Adelchis (853-878)
- Pietro (897)
Lombard Kingdom › Capua, Principality of
Lombard Kingdom › Lombardy and Tuscany
Lombard Kingdom › Salerno, Principality of
Luxembourg
- County of Luxembourg
- Duchy of Luxembourg
- Wenceslaus I (1353-1383)
- Wenceslas II the Lazy (1383-1388)
- Justus of Moravia (1388-1411)
- Anthony of Brabant (1411-1415)
- Elizabeth of Görlitz (1411-1443)
- 2. John (1418-1425)
- Philip I (1443-1467)
- Maximilian I (1477-1482)
- 2. Filip (1482-1506)
- Philip III (1556-1598)
- Albert of Austria (1598-1621)
- Isabella Clara Eugenia (1598-1621)
- Philip IV (1621-1665)
- Charles IV (1665-1700)
- Maria Theresa (1740-1780)
- Joseph II (1780-1790)
- Leopold II (1790-1792)
- Francis II (1792-1795)
- Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Luxembourg › Luxembourgish States › Echternach, Abbey of
Luxembourg › Luxembourgish States › Luxembourg, City of
Madagascar
- Madagascar and Dependencies
Madagascar
Malaysia › British Malaysia › Malaya
Malaysia › British Malaysia › Malaya and British Borneo
Malaysia › British Malaysia › Malaya and British Borneo- Windsor Hanedanı
Malaysia › British Malaysia › North Borneo
Malaysia › British Malaysia › Sarawak
Malaysia › British Malaysia › Straits Settlements
Malaysia › Islamic states of Malaysia › Kedah, Sultanate of
Malaysia › Portuguese Malacca
- House of Aviz
- Habsburg Hanedanı
Maldives
- Utheemu dynasty
- Hamawi dynasty
- Dhevvadhoo dynasty
- Dhiyamigili dynasty
- Huraa dynasty
- Dhiyamigili dynasty (restored)
- Huraa dynasty (first restoration)
- Huraa dynasty
- First Republic (1952-1954)
- Huraa dynasty (second restoration)
- Second Republic (1968-date)
Malta
- Order of Hospitallers
- Philippe Villiers de l’Isle-Adam (1521-1534)
- Pietrino del Ponte (1534-1535)
- Juan de Homedes (1536-1553)
- Claude de la Sengle (1553-1557)
- Jean de La Vallette-Parisot (1557-1568)
- Pietro del Monte (1568-1572)
- John L'Evesque de la Cassière (1572-1581)
- Hugues Loubenx de Verdala (1581-1595)
- Martin Garzez (1595-1601)
- Alof de Wignacourt (1601-1622)
- Luis Mendes de Vasconcellos (1622-1623)
- Anthony of Paule (1623-1636)
- Giovani Paolo Lascaris Castellar (1636-1657)
- Martin de Redin (1657-1660)
- Annet de Clermont-Gessant (1660)
- Raphael Cotoner (1660-1663)
- Nicolas Cotoner (1663-1680)
- Gregorio Carafa (1680-1690)
- Adrian of Wignacourt (1690-1697)
- Raymond Perellos of Roccaful (1697-1720)
- Marc’Antonio Zondadari (1720-1722)
- Antonio Manoel de Vilhena (1722-1736)
- Ramon Despuig (1736-1741)
- Manuel Pinto of Fonseca (1741-1773)
- Francisco Ximenes de Texada (1773-1775)
- Emmanuel de Rohan-Polduc (1775-1797)
- Ferdinand von Hompesch zu Bolheim (1797-1798)
- French occupation (1798-1800)
- George III (1813-1820)
- George IV (1820-1830)
- William IV (1830-1837)
- Victoria (1837-1901)
- Edward VII (1901-1910)
- George V (1910-1936)
- George VI (1936-1952)
- Elizabeth II (1952-1974)
- Cumhuriyet (1974-date)
Malta, Order of
Marshall Islands
Mauretania
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mesopotamia › Characene, Kingdom of
- Hyspaosines (141 MÖ - 124 MÖ)
- Hippokrates Autokrator Nikephoros (81 MÖ - 80 MÖ)
- Apodakos (124 MÖ - 104 MÖ)
- Tiraios I (95 MÖ - 90 MÖ)
- Tiraios II (79 MÖ - 48 MÖ)
- Artabazos (48 MÖ - 47 MÖ)
- Attambelos I (47 MÖ - 25 MÖ)
- Theonesios I (25 MÖ - 19 MÖ)
- Attambelos II (17 MÖ - 5 MS)
- Abinergaos I (9-22)
- Attambelos III (37-44)
- Theonesios II (46-47)
- Theonesios III (52-53)
- Attambelos IV (54-64)
- Attambelos V (64-73)
- Attambelos VI (101-105)
- Attambelos VII (113-117)
- Meredates (131-150)
- Orabazes II (150-165)
- Abinergaos II (165-180)
- Maga (195-215)
Mexico › Mexican States › Aguascalientes, State of
Mexico › Mexican States › Chihuahua, State of
Mexico › Mexican States › Chihuahua, State of
Mexico › Mexican States › Durango, State of
Mexico › Mexican States › Durango, State of
Mexico › Mexican States › Guanajuato, State of
Mexico › Mexican States › Guerrero, State of
Mexico › Mexican States › Hidalgo, State of
Mexico › Mexican States › Jalisco, State of
Mexico › Mexican States › Mexico, Federal District of
Mexico › Mexican States › Mexico, State of
Mexico › Mexican States › Nuevo León, State of
Mexico › Mexican States › Oaxaca, State of
Mexico › Mexican States › Puebla, State of
Mexico › Mexican States › Querátaro, State of
Mexico › Mexican States › Sonora, State of
Mexico › Mexican States › Tamaulipas, State of
Mexico › Mexican States › Veracruz, State of
Mexico › Mexican States › Yucatan, State of
Mexico › Mexican States › Zacatecas, State of
Mexico
- New Spain
- First Empire
- Federal Republic (1823-1905)
- Birleşik Meksika Devletleri/Meksika Cumhuriyeti (1823-date)
- Second Empire
Moldavia and Wallachia › Cetatea Albă, City of
Moldavia and Wallachia › Cetatea Albă, City of- 2. Aleksandır (1449-1455)
- House of Bogdan-Mușat
Moldavia and Wallachia › Moldavia
- House of Bogdan-Mușat
- Peter II (1375-1391)
- Stephen I (1394-1399)
- Alexander I (1400-1432)
- Ilie I (1432-1442)
- Stephen II (1433-1445)
- Peter III (1443-1449)
- Roman II (1447-1448)
- Bogdan II (1449-1451)
- 2. Aleksandır (1449-1455)
- Peter Aaron (1451-1457)
- Stephen III (1457-1504)
- Bogdan III (1504-1517)
- Stephen IV Ștefăniță (1517-1527)
- Alexander IV Lăpuşneanu (1552-1561, 1564-1568)
- Ioan Iacob Heraclid (1561-1563)
- Stephen VII Tomşa (1563-1564)
- John III (1572-1574)
- Stephen VIII Răzvan (1595)
- Ieremia Movilă (1595-1606)
- Eustratie Dabija (1661-1665)
- Teodor Balș (1856-1857)
Moldavia and Wallachia
Moldavia and Wallachia Moldavia and Wallachia › Wallachia
- House of Basarab
- House of Basarab, Dǎnești line
- House of Basarab
- House of Basarab, Dǎnești line
- House of Basarab
- House of Basarab, Dǎnești line
- House of Basarab, Drăculești line
- House of Basarab, Dǎnești line
- House of Basarab, Drăculești line
- House of Basarab, Dǎnești line
- House of Basarab, Drăculești line
- House of Basarab
- House of Brâncovenești
- Barbu Ştirbei (1848-1853)
Moldova
Monaco
- House of Grimaldi
Mongol States › Astarabad, Emirate of
Mongol States › Chagatai Khanate › Badakhshan, Shahs of
Mongol States › Chagatai Khanate
- Chaghatay (1227-1241)
- Qara Hülegü (1241-1247, 1252)
- Yesü Möngke (1247-1252)
- Orqina Khatun (1252-1261)
- Alughu (1261-1266)
- Baraq (1266-1271)
- Qaidu (1270-1302)
- Buqa "Tuqa" Temür (1272-1291)
- Duwa Khan (1291-1306)
- Isan Buqa I (1309-1318)
- Kebek (1309-1310, 1318-1326)
- Ilchigiday (1326-1327)
- Tarmashirin (1326-1334)
- Changshi (1333-1336)
- Yesün Temür (1336-1340)
- Ali Sultan (1340)
- Muhammad I ibn Pulad (1340-1341)
- Khalil Allah (1341-1343)
- Qazan Temür (1343-1346)
- Dashmand Shah (1346-1348)
- Western Chaghatai Khanate
Mongol States › Chagatai Khanate › Ghazna, Chagatai of
Mongol States › Chagatai Khanate › Khorasan, Chagatai of
Mongol States › Chagatai Khanate › Moghulistan
Mongol States › Chagatai Khanate › Samarqand, Bukhara, and Tirmidh
Mongol States › Chagatai Khanate › Sijistan, Chagatai of
Mongol States › Chagatai Khanate › Yarkand Khanate
Mongol States › Chupanid dynasty
Mongol States › Golden Horde › Crimean Ulus
Mongol States › Golden Horde
- Batu (1227-1255)
- Berke (1257-1266)
- Mangu Timur (1266-1280)
- Noghay (1266-1294)
- Tode Mongke (1280-1287)
- Tole Buqa (1287-1291)
- Toqta (1291-1312)
- Muhammad Uzbeg (1313-1341)
- Jani Beg (1342-1357)
- Berdi Beg (1357-1359)
- Qulpa (1359-1360)
- Nawruz (1360)
- Khizr (1360-1361)
- Ordu Melik (1361)
- Timur Khoja (1361)
- Murad (1361-1363)
- Mamay (1361-1380)
- Kildi Beg (1362)
- Khayr Pulad (1362-1364)
- Abdallah (1362, 1367-1370)
- Pulad Khoja (1364)
- Aziz Shaykh (1364-1367)
- Amir Pulad Timur (1365-1367)
- Amir Taghai Beg (1366-1368)
- Uljay Timur (1366-1368)
- Tulunbeg (1370-1371)
- Muhammad, Ghiyās̱ al-Dīn (1370-1379)
- Cherkes Beg (1373-1374)
- Qaghan Beg (1375-1377)
- Tulyak (1379-1380)
- Tokhtamysh (1379-1396)
- Beg Pulad (1391-1395)
- Tash Timur (1395-1396)
- Timur Qutluq (1397-1399)
- Shadi Beg (1399-1407)
- Pulad (1407-1409, 1409-1410)
- Kerim Berdi (1409, 1412-1413, 1414)
- Timur (1410-1412)
- Jalal al-Din (1411-1412)
- Kebek (1413-1414)
- Jabbar Berdi (1414-1415, 1416-1417)
- Chekreh (1415-1416)
- Sayyid Ahmad I (1416-1417)
- Derwish (1417-1419)
- Mahmud Khoja (1419-1420)
- Qader Berdi (1419-1420)
- Beg Sufi (1419-1421)
- Dawlat Berdi (1419-1421, 1428-1432)
- Ulugh Muhammad (1419-1421, 1428-1433)
- Boraq (1421-1427)
- Sayyid Ahmad II (1433-1435)
- Kichi Muhammad (1435-1459)
- Mustafa (1443-1444)
- Mahmud (1459-1465)
- Ahmad (1465-1481)
- Murtadha (1481-1499)
- Sheikh Ahmed (1482-1502)
Mongol States › Golden Horde › Kazan Khanate
Mongol States › Golden Horde › Saqche Khanate
Mongol States › Golden Horde › Sufid dynasty
Mongol States › Golden Horde › White Horde
Mongol States › Great Mongol
Mongol States › Great Mongol › Karakorum Region
Mongol States › Ilkhanate › Georgia, Viceroyalty of
Mongol States › Ilkhanate
- House of Hulagu
- House of Ariq Böke
- House of Hulagu
Mongol States › Ilkhanate › Ilkhanate, Chupanid puppet state of
Mongol States › Ilkhanate › Ilkhanate, Jalayirid puppet state of
- House of Hulagu
Mongol States › Ilkhanate › Western Khorasan, Ilkhanates of
- House of Hasar
Mongol States › Ilkhanate › Yasa'ur's Rebellion
Mongol States › Jalayirid dynasty › Jalayirid Sultanate
Mongol States › Jalayirid dynasty › Qazwin, Jalayirids of
Mongol States › Sutayid dynasty
Mongol States › Taghaytimurid dynasty
Mongol States › Timurid Empire
Montenegro › Montenegrin States › Cattaro, City of
- Serbian domination
- Hungarian domination
- Venetian domination
- French domination
Montenegro › Montenegrin States › Ulcinj, City of
Montenegro › Montenegrin States › Zeta, Principality of
- Balšić Ailesi
Montenegro
- Principality of Montenegro, Petrović-Njegoš dynasty
- Karadağ Krallığı, Petroviç-Njegoş Hanedanı
- Italian governorate (1941-1943)
Morocco › Moroccan States › Afsi, City of
Morocco › Moroccan States › Marrakesh, City of
Morocco › Moroccan States › Saadi dynasty, Fez Branch of
Morocco › Moroccan States › Saadi dynasty, Marrakesh Branch of
Morocco
- Saadi Sharifs
- Abu ‘Abd Allah Muhammad II al-Shaykh (1517-1557)
- Abu Muhammad ‘Abd Allah al-Ghalib (1557-1574)
- Abu ‘Abd Allah Muhammad III (1574-1576)
- Abu Marwan ‘Abd al-Malik I (1576-1578)
- Abu’l-‘Abbas Ahmad al-Mansur (1578-1603)
- Zaydan al-Nasir (1603-1627)
- Abu Marwan ‘Abd al-Malik II (1626-1629)
- al-Walid ben Zidan (1630-1636)
- Muhammad III al-Shaykh al-Saghir (1636-1654)
- Abu’l-‘Abbas Ahmad IV (1654-1659)
- Dila'i Interregnum (1654-1664)
- Alaouite Şerifliği
- al-Rashid (1664-1672)
- Isma‘il al-Samin (1672-1727)
- Abd Allah ben Isma‘il as-Samin (1729-1734, 1736, 1740-1741)
- Sidi Muhammad III (1748, 1757-1790)
- Muhammad al-Yazid (1790-1792)
- Moulay Sulayman (1792-1822)
- Moulay ‘Abd al-Rahman (1822-1859)
- Sidi Muhammad IV (1859-1873)
- Moulay al-Hasan I (1873-1894)
- Abdelaziz (1894-1908)
- Abd al-Hafid (1908-1912)
- French Protectorate
- Alaouite Kralları
Morocco › Tangier, City of
Mozambique
- Portekiz İmparatorluğu Kolonisi, Braganza Hanedanı
- Portuguese Mozambique
- People's Republic (1975-1990)
- Cumhuriyet (1990-date)
Myanmar
- Konbaung dynasty
- Lieutenant-governorship of British India
- İngiliz Kraliyet Kolonisi
- Japanese occupation (1942-1944)
- Puppet State of Burma, Japanese occupation (1943-1945)
- Union of Burma (1948-1974)
- Patriotic Liberation Army (1970-1971)
- Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma (1974-1988)
- Union of Myanmar (1988-2011)
- Republic of the Union of Myanmar (2011-date)
Myanmar, Ancient › Harikela, Kingdom of
Namibia › Namibia (1990-date)
Namibia › South West Africa (1884-1990)
Nauru
Nepal › Malla dynasty › Bhaktapur Kingdom
Nepal › Malla dynasty › Kathmandu Kingdom
Nepal › Malla dynasty › Patan Kingdom
- Siddhi Narasimha (1620-1661)
- Srinivasa Malla (1661-1685)
- Yoga Narendra Malla (1685-1705)
- Riddhi Narasimha (1715-1717)
- Jaya Yoga Prakash Malla (1722-1729)
- Jaya Vishnu Malla (1729-1745)
- Jaya Rajya Prakash Malla (1745-1758)
- Jaya Prakash Malla (1760-1761)
- Jaya Ranajit Malla (1762-1763)
- Tej Narasimha Malla (1765-1768)
Nepal
- Shah dynasty
- Prithvi Narayan Shah (1768-1775)
- Pratap Singh Shah (1775-1777)
- Rana Bahadur Shah (1777-1799)
- Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah (1799-1816)
- Rajendra Bikram Shah (1816-1847)
- Surendra Bikram Shah (1847-1881)
- Prithvi Bir Bikram Shah (1881-1911)
- Tribhuvan Bir Bikram Shah (1911-1950)
- Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah (1950-1951)
- Tribhuvan Bir Bikram Shah (1951-1955)
- Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah (1955-1972)
- Birendra Bir Bikram Shah (1972-2001)
- Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah (2001-2008)
- Federal Republic (2008-date)
Netherlands › Dutch Caribbean › Aruba
- House of Orange-Nassau
Netherlands › Dutch Caribbean › BES Islands
Netherlands › Dutch Caribbean › Curaçao
Netherlands › Dutch Caribbean › Curaçao and Sint Maarten
Netherlands › Dutch Caribbean › Curaçao and Sint Maarten Netherlands › Dutch Caribbean › Netherlands Antilles
- House of Orange-Nassau
Netherlands › Dutch Caribbean › Netherlands West Indies
Netherlands › Dutch Caribbean › Saint Eustatius
Netherlands › Dutch Caribbean › Sint Maarten
Netherlands › Dutch Republic
- Emperors of the Holy Roman Empire
- Dutch Republic Stadtholders
- Emperors of the Holy Roman Empire
- Dutch Republic Stadtholders
- Emperors of the Holy Roman Empire
- Dutch Republic Stadtholders
- Emperors of the Holy Roman Empire
- Dutch Republic Stadtholders
- Emperors of the Holy Roman Empire
- Dutch Republic Stadtholders
Netherlands › Dutch States › Anholt, Lordship of
Netherlands › Dutch States › Baar, Barony of
Netherlands › Dutch States › Batenburg, Barony of
- House of Bronckhorst-Batenburg
- Charles V (1519-1558)
- 1. Ferdinand (1556-1564)
- House of Bronckhorst-Batenburg
- Matthias (1612-1619)
- Ferdinand II (1619-1637)
Netherlands › Dutch States › Bergh, Lordship of
Netherlands › Dutch States › Bolsward, City of
Netherlands › Dutch States › Culemborg, County of
Netherlands › Dutch States › Deventer, Kampen, Zwolle, Imperial Cities of
Netherlands › Dutch States › Elsloo, Lordship of
Netherlands › Dutch States › Frisia
- Wickman III (994-1016)
- Margraviate of Frisia
- Emperors of the Holy Roman Empire
- Margraviate of Frisia
Netherlands › Dutch States › Groningen, City of
Netherlands › Dutch States › Gronsveld, Lordship of
Netherlands › Dutch States › Guelders, Duchy of
- House of Wassenberg
- House of Jülich
- House of Egmond
- Burgonya Hollandası
- House of Egmond
- Charles V (1519-1558)
- Spanish Netherlands
- Emperors of the Holy Roman Empire
- Spanish Netherlands
Netherlands › Dutch States › Hamaland, County of
Netherlands › Dutch States › Holland, County of
- County of Western Frisia
- Theoderic V (1061-1091)
- Floris II (1091-1121)
- Theoderic VI (1121-1157)
- Floris III (1157-1190)
- Theoderic VII (1190-1203)
- William I (1203-1222)
- Floris IV (1222-1234)
- William II (1234-1256)
- Floris V (1256-1296)
- Tenagure (1296-1299)
- 2. John (1299-1304)
- William III (1304-1337)
- William IV (1337-1345)
- Margaret I (1345-1354)
- William V of Bavaria (1354-1388)
- Albert of Bavaria (1388-1404)
- William VI of Bavaria (1404-1417)
- Jacqueline of Bavaria (1417-1420, 1425-1433)
- John III of Bavaria (1420-1425)
- Burgonya Hollandası
- Spanish Netherlands
- Charles V (1519-1558)
- Spanish Netherlands
Netherlands › Dutch States › Horn
- Lords of Horn
- Frederick III of Saarwerden (1370-1414)
- Rhineland Monetary Union (1385-1583)
- Werner of Falkenstein (1388-1418)
- Lords of Horn
- Counts of Horn
Netherlands › Dutch States › Kuinre, Lordship of
Netherlands › Dutch States › Megen, Lordship of
Netherlands › Dutch States › Nijmegen, City of
Netherlands › Dutch States › Overijssel, Lordship of
Netherlands › Dutch States › Roermond, City of
Netherlands › Dutch States › Stevensweert, Lordship of
Netherlands › Dutch States › Utrecht, Bishopric of
- Ansfried (995-1010)
- Bernold (1027-1054)
- Henry III (1039-1056)
- William I (1054-1076)
- Henry IV (1054-1105)
- Tenagure (1076-1099)
- Burchard of Lechsgemund (1099-1112)
- Godbald (1114-1127)
- Herbert of Beron (1138-1150)
- Herman of Horne (1152-1156)
- Godfrey of Rhenen (1156-1178)
- Baldwin II of Holland (1178-1196)
- Theoderic II of Nuenar (1198-1212)
- Otto I of Guelders (1213-1215)
- Otto II of Lippe (1215-1227)
- Wilbrand of Oldenburg (1227-1233)
- Otto III of Holland (1235-1249)
- Henry I of Vianden (1250-1267)
- John I of Nassau (1267-1290)
- John II of Sierck (1291-1296)
- John III of Diest (1322-1341)
- John IV of Arkel (1342-1364)
- John V of Virneburg (1364-1371)
- Arnold of Horne (1371-1378)
- Florence of Wevelinghoven (1379-1393)
- Frederick III of Blankenheim (1393-1423)
- Rudolph of Diepholt (1432-1456)
- David of Burgundy (1457-1494)
- Frederick IV of Baden (1496-1517)
- Philip of Burgundy (1517-1524)
- Henry of Palatinate (1524-1529)
Netherlands › Dutch States › Utrecht, Lordship of
Netherlands › Dutch States › Valkenburg, Lordship of
Netherlands › Dutch States › Vianen, Lordship of
Netherlands › Dutch States › Zeeland, County of
Netherlands
- Batavian Republic (1795-1806)
- Louis Napoléon Bonaparte (1806-1810)
- House of Orange-Nassau
- German occupation (1940-1945)
- House of Orange-Nassau
Netherlands › Spanish Netherlands
New Zealand
New Zealand › Tokelau
- Windsor Hanedanı
Nicaragua
- Provincia de Nicaragua, Captaincy General of Guatemala, Viceroyalty of New Spain
- Intendencia of the First Mexican Empire
- State of the Federal Republic of Central America (1823-1838)
- Cumhuriyet (1854-date)
Nicaragua › Nicaraguan Cities
Niger
Nigeria › Biafra
Nigeria
- George V (1910-1936)
- Windsor Hanedanı
- Federal Republic (1963-date)
Niue
- Windsor Hanedanı
North Korea
North Macedonia
North Macedonia › Prilep, Lordship of
- House of Mrnjavčević
Norway › Nidaros, Archbishopric of
Norway
- Fairhair dynasty
- Earls of Lade
- Saint Olaf dynasty
- Earls of Lade
- Saint Olaf dynasty
- Hardrada dynasty
- Gille dynasty
- Sverre dynasty
- Gille dynasty
- Sverre dynasty
- Gille dynasty
- Sverre dynasty
- House of Bjelbo
- House of Oldenburg
- Hans Mule (1516-1524)
- House of Oldenburg
- Frederick I (1523-1533)
- Christian III (1534-1559)
- Frederick II (1559-1588)
- Christian IV (1588-1648)
- Frederick III (1648-1670)
- Christian V (1670-1699)
- Frederick IV (1699-1730)
- Christian VI (1730-1746)
- Frederick V (1746-1766)
- Christian VII (1766-1808)
- Frederick VI (1808-1814)
- Christian Frederick (1814)
- House of Holstein-Gottorp
- House of Bernadotte
- House of Glücksburg
- German occupation (1941-1945)
- House of Glücksburg
Numidia
- Kingdom of the Masaesyli
- Unified Numidia
- Eastern Numidia
Oman › Dhofar Governorate
- House of Al Said
Oman › Muscat and Oman
Oman
- House of Al Said
Ostrogothic Kingdom
Ottoman Empire
- Osman I Gazi (1299-1326)
- Orhan Gazi (1324-1362)
- Murad I Hüdavendigâr (1362-1389)
- Bayezid I (1389-1402)
- Interregnum
- Mehmed I Kirişçi (1413-1421)
- Murad II (1421-1444, 1446-1451)
- Mehmed II (1444-1446, 1451-1481)
- Bayezid II (1481-1512)
- Selim I (1512-1520)
- Süleyman (1.) (1520-1566)
- Selim II (1566-1574)
- Murad III (1574-1595)
- 3. Mehmet (1595-1603)
- Ahmed I (1603-1617)
- Mustafa I (1617-1618, 1622-1623)
- Osman II (1618-1622)
- Murad IV (1623-1640)
- Ibrahim I (1640-1648)
- Mehmed IV (1648-1687)
- Suleiman II (1687-1691)
- Ahmed II (1691-1695)
- Mustafa II (1695-1703)
- Ahmed III (1703-1730)
- Mahmud I (1730-1754)
- Osman III (1754-1757)
- Mustafa III (1757-1774)
- Abdul Hamid I (1774-1789)
- Selim III (1789-1807)
- Mustafa IV (1807-1808)
- Mahmud II (1808-1839)
- Abdulmejid I (1839-1861)
- Abdülaziz (1861-1876)
- Murad V (1876)
- Abdul Hamid II (1876-1909)
- Mehmed V Reşâd (1909-1918)
- Mehmed VI Vahideddin (1918-1922)
Pakistan
Palau
Papua New Guinea › German New Guinea
- House of Hohenzollern
- Australian occupation (1914)
Papua New Guinea › New Guinea
Papua New Guinea
- Windsor Hanedanı
Paraguay
Paraguay
Persian Empires › Achaemenid Empire (559 MÖ - 330 MÖ) › Achaemenid Empire
Persian Empires › Achaemenid Empire (559 MÖ - 330 MÖ) › Achaemenid Satrapies
Persian Empires › Achaemenid Empire (559 MÖ - 330 MÖ) › Achaemenid Satrapies › Caria, Achaemenid Satrapy of
Persian Empires › Achaemenid Empire (559 MÖ - 330 MÖ) › Achaemenid Satrapies › Cilicia, Satrapy of
Persian Empires › Achaemenid Empire (559 MÖ - 330 MÖ) › Achaemenid Satrapies › Egypt, Satrapy of
Persian Empires › Achaemenid Empire (559 MÖ - 330 MÖ) › Achaemenid Satrapies › Lycia, Dynasts of
- Tenagure (Yaklaşık (M.Ö. 480-460))
- Ekuwemi (Yaklaşık M.Ö. 480-460)
- Ite (Yaklaşık (M.Ö. 480-460))
- Tenagure (Yaklaşık (M.Ö. 480-460))
- Ura (Yaklaşık M.Ö. 480-460)
- Tenagure (Yaklaşık M.Ö. 480-460)
- Thap... (Yaklaşık (M.Ö. 480-450))
- Kuprilli (Yaklaşık (M.Ö. 480-440))
- Khinaka (Yaklaşık M.Ö. 470-440)
- Tnnemi (Yaklaşık M.Ö. 460-440)
- Keriga (Yaklaşık M.Ö. 440-430)
- Sppntaza (Yaklaşık M.Ö. 440-430)
- Teththiweibi (Yaklaşık M.Ö. 440-430)
- Wekhssere I (Yaklaşık M.Ö. 440-430)
- Kerei (Yaklaşık M.Ö. 430-410)
- Ddenewele (Yaklaşık M.Ö. 410-400)
- Arbinas (Yaklaşık (M.Ö. 410-390))
- Hntruma (Yaklaşık M.Ö. 410-390)
- Wekhssere II (Yaklaşık M.Ö. 400-380)
- Aruwatijesi (Yaklaşık M.Ö. 390-370)
- Mithrapata (Yaklaşık M.Ö. 390-370)
- Trbbenimi (Yaklaşık M.Ö. 390-370)
- Artumpara (Yaklaşık M.Ö. 380-370)
- Vedrei (Yaklaşık M.Ö. 380-370)
- Perikles (380 MÖ - 360 MÖ)
Persian Empires › Achaemenid Empire (559 MÖ - 330 MÖ) › Achaemenid Satrapies › Lydia, Satrapy of
Persian Empires › Achaemenid Empire (559 MÖ - 330 MÖ) › Achaemenid Satrapies › Mysia, Satrapy of
Persian Empires › Achaemenid Empire (559 MÖ - 330 MÖ) › Achaemenid Satrapies › Phenicia, Satrapy of
Persian Empires › Achaemenid Empire (559 MÖ - 330 MÖ) › Achaemenid Satrapies › Yehud Medinata, Satrapy of
Persian Empires › Alexandrian Empire in Persia (330 MÖ - 305 MÖ) › Babylon, Satrapy of
Persian Empires › Alexandrian Empire in Persia (330 MÖ - 305 MÖ) › Cilicia, Satrapy of
Persian Empires › Parthian Empire (247 MÖ - 224 MS) › Elymais
- Kamnaskirid dynasty
- Arsak Hanedanı
Persian Empires › Parthian Empire (247 MÖ - 224 MS) › Indo-Parthian Kingdom
Persian Empires › Parthian Empire (247 MÖ - 224 MS) › Indo-Parthian Kingdom
Persian Empires › Parthian Empire (247 MÖ - 224 MS) › Indo-Parthian Kingdom › Paratarajas dynasty
Persian Empires › Parthian Empire (247 MÖ - 224 MS) › Parthian Empire
- Tiridates I (248 MÖ - 217 MÖ)
- Arsaces I (238 MÖ - 211 MÖ)
- Arsaces II (217 MÖ - 190 MÖ)
- Phriapatios (190 MÖ - 175 MÖ)
- Phraates I (175 MÖ - 171 MÖ)
- Mithridates I (171 MÖ - 135 MÖ)
- Phraates II (135 MÖ - 128 MÖ)
- Artabanus I (127 MÖ - 123 MÖ)
- Mithridates II (123 MÖ - 88 MÖ)
- Arsaces X (122 MÖ - 121 MÖ)
- Gotarzes I (95 MÖ - 88 MÖ)
- Sanatruces I (93 MÖ - 70 MÖ)
- Mithridates III (87 MÖ - 80 MÖ)
- Orodes I (80 MÖ - 75 MÖ)
- Arsaces XVI (77 MÖ - 61 MÖ)
- Phraates III (69 MÖ - 57 MÖ)
- Mithridates IV (57 MÖ - 54 MÖ)
- Orodes II (57 MÖ - 38 MÖ)
- Pacorus I (40 MÖ - 38 MÖ)
- Phraates IV (38 MÖ - 2 MÖ)
- Musa (2 MÖ - 4 MS)
- Phraates V (2 MÖ - 4 MS)
- Orodes III (4-8)
- Vonones I (8-12)
- Artabanus II (12-40)
- Vardanes I (40-47)
- Gotarzes II (40-51)
- Meherdates (49-51)
- Vologases I (51-78)
- Vardanes II (55-58)
- Vologases II (77-80)
- Pacorus II (78-110)
- Artabanus III (80-90)
- Vologases III (105-147)
- Osroes I (109-129)
- Parthamaspates (116-117)
- Mithridates IV (129-140)
- Vologases IV (147-191)
- Osroes II (190-191)
- Vologases V (191-207)
- Vologases VI (207-223)
- Artabanus IV (216-224)
Persian Empires › Persis, Kingdom of
- Frataraka dynasty
- Sub-kings of the Parthian Empire
- Frataraka dynasty
- Sub-kings of the Parthian Empire
- Darayan I (132 MÖ - 100 MÖ)
- Wadfradad III (100 MÖ - 75 MÖ)
- Darayan II (75 MÖ - 25 MÖ)
- Ardakhshir II (40 MÖ - 5 MÖ)
- 1. Pakor (M.S. 1. Yüzyılın ilk yarısı)
- Pakor II (M.S. 1. Yüzyılın ilk yarısı)
- Wahsir I (50-75)
- Nambed (60-85)
- Napad (75-100)
- Unknown king II (80-100)
- Wadfradad IV (100-130)
- Manchihr I (110-140)
- Ardakhshir III (120-150)
- Manchihr II (130-160)
- Unknown king III (150-180)
- Manchihr III (160-190)
- Manchihr IV (160-190)
- Ardakhshir IV (180-200)
- Sasanian dynasty
Persian Empires › Sasanian Empire (224-651) › Indo-Sasanian Kingdom
Persian Empires › Sasanian Empire (224-651) › Sasanian Empire
- House of Sasan
- Ardashir I (224-242)
- Shapur I (240-270)
- Hormazd I (270-271)
- Wahram I (271-274)
- Bahram II (274-293)
- Narseh (293-302)
- Hormazd II (302-309)
- Shapur II (309-379)
- Ardashir II (379-383)
- Shapur III (383-386)
- Wahram IV (388-399)
- Yazdgerd I (399-420)
- Bahram V (420-438)
- Yazdgerd II (438-457)
- Peroz I (457-484)
- Walkash (484-488)
- Kawad I (488-496, 498-531)
- Zamasp (496-498)
- Khusro I (531-579)
- Hormazd IV (579-590)
- House of Mihran
- House of Sasan
- House of Ispahbudhan
- House of Sasan
- House of Ispahbudhan
- House of Sasan
Persian Empires › Seleucid Empire (305 MÖ - 64 MÖ) › Parthia, Satrapy of
Persian Empires › Seleucid Empire (305 MÖ - 64 MÖ) › Seleucid Empire
- Seleukos I Nikator (305 MÖ - 281 MÖ)
- Antiochos I Soter (281 MÖ - 261 MÖ)
- Antiochos II Theos (261 MÖ - 246 MÖ)
- Antiochos Hierax (246 MÖ - 227 MÖ)
- Seleukos II Kallinikos (246 MÖ - 225 MÖ)
- Seleukos III Keraunos (225 MÖ - 223 MÖ)
- Antiochos III Megas (223 MÖ - 187 MÖ)
- Achaios (220 MÖ - 214 MÖ)
- Seleukos IV Philopator (187 MÖ - 175 MÖ)
- Antiochus, Son of Seleucus IV (175 MÖ - 170 MÖ)
- Antiochos IV Epiphanes (175 MÖ - 163 MÖ)
- Antiochos V Eupator (163 MÖ - 161 MÖ)
- Timarchos (162 MÖ - 160 MÖ)
- Demetrios I Soter (161 MÖ - 150 MÖ)
- Alexander I Balas (150 MÖ - 145 MÖ)
- Antiochos VI Dionysos (145 MÖ - 140 MÖ)
- Demetrios II Nikator (145 MÖ - 138 MÖ)
- Diodotos Tryphon (140 MÖ - 138 MÖ)
- Antiochos VII Euergetes (138 MÖ - 129 MÖ)
- Demetrios II Nikator (129 MÖ - 126 MÖ)
- Alexander II Zabinas (128 MÖ - 123 MÖ)
- Kleopatra Thea (125 MÖ - 120 MÖ)
- Antiochos VIII Grypos (125 MÖ - 96 MÖ)
- Antiochos IX Kyzikenos (114 MÖ - 96 MÖ)
- Seleukos VI Epiphanes Nikator (96 MÖ - 95 MÖ)
- Demetrios III Eukairos Philopator (95 MÖ - 88 MÖ)
- Antiochos X Eusebes Philopator (95 MÖ - 83 MÖ)
- Philip I Philadelphos (95 MÖ - 83 MÖ)
- Antiochos XI Epiphanes Philadelphos (93 MÖ)
- Antiochos XII Dionysos (87 MÖ - 84 MÖ)
- Antiochos XIII Asiatikos (69 MÖ - 64 MÖ)
- Philip II Philoromaios (65 MÖ - 63 MÖ)
Peru › Loreto, Federal State of
Peru
- Viceroyalty of Spain, House of Habsburg
- Viceroyalty of Spain, House of Bourbon
- Viceroyalty of Spain, House of Bonaparte
- Viceroyalty of Spain, House of Bourbon
- Cumhuriyet (1822-date)
Philippines
Phoenician cities › Sidon
Phoenician cities › Tyre
Poland
Poland › Poland, Kingdom of
- First Piast dynasty
- Second Piast dynasty
- Anjou Hanedanlığı
- Jagiellonian dynasty
Poland › Polish notgeld
Poland › Polish States › Austrian Partition of Poland
Poland › Polish States › Danzig, City of
- Danzig rebellion (1575-1577)
- Stephen Báthory (1576-1586)
- Republic of Danzig
- Free city of Danzig
Poland › Polish States › East Pomerania, Duchy of
- House of Sobiesław
Poland › Polish States › Elbing, City of
Poland › Polish States › Greater Poland, Duchy of
Poland › Polish States › Jawor, Duchy of
Poland › Polish States › Kraków, Bishopric of
Poland › Polish States › Kraków, Duchy of
- House of Piast
- Přemyslid dynasty
- House of Piast
Poland › Polish States › Kraków, Free city of
Poland › Polish States › Kujawy–Pomorze, Bishopric of
Poland › Polish States › Kuyavia, Duchy of
Poland › Polish States › Masovia, Duchy of
- House of Piast
Poland › Polish States › Namysłów, Duchy of
Poland › Polish States › Poland, Congress Kingdom of
Poland › Polish States › Posen, Grand Duchy of
Poland › Polish States › Sandomierz, Duchy of
- House of Piast
Poland › Polish States › Toruń, City of
Poland › Polish States › Toszek, Duchy of
Poland › Polish States › Wąchock Abbey
Poland › Polish States › Warsaw, Duchy of
- House of Wettin, Albertine Line
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
- Interregnum (1573)
- Stephen Báthory (1576-1586)
- Sigismund III Vasa (1587-1632)
- Polish–Swedish union (1592-1599)
- Interregnum (1632)
- Ladislaus IV (1632-1648)
- John II Casimir Vasa (1649-1668)
- Michael I (1669-1673)
- John III Sobieski (1674-1696)
- Augustus II (1697-1733)
- Augustus III (1734-1763)
- Frederick Christian (1763)
- Francis Xavier (1764-1768)
- Stanisław II Augustus (1764-1795)
Portugal › Azores
- Portuguese General Captaincy
- Regency of Angra
- Districts of the Portuguese Adjacent Islands
Portugal › Madeira Islands
- House of Braganza
Portugal
- Afonsine Hanedanlığı
- House of Aviz
- Council of the governors of the Kingdom (1580)
- Habsburg Hanedanı
- House of Braganza
- John IV (1640-1656)
- Afonso VI (1656-1667)
- Peter (1667-1683)
- Peter II (1683-1706)
- John V (1706-1750)
- Joseph I (1750-1777)
- Peter III (1777-1786)
- Maria I (1777-1799)
- John (1799-1816)
- John VI (1816-1826)
- Peter IV (1826-1828)
- Michael I (1828-1834)
- Mary II (1834-1853)
- Peter V (1853-1861)
- 1. Luis (1861-1889)
- Charles I (1889-1908)
- Manuel II (1908-1910)
- First Republic (1910-1926)
- Second Republic (1926-1974)
- Third Republic (1974-date)
Portugal › Portuguese notgeld
Poyais
Qatar
Qatar and Dubai Rhodesia and Nyasaland
- Windsor Hanedanı
Romania
- United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia
- House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
- People's Republic (1947-1965)
- Socialist Republic (1965-1989)
- Cumhuriyet (1989-date)
Rome › Eastern Roman Empire
Rome › Italy, Kingdom of
Rome › Roman Imperial usurpations › Carthage, Usurpations of
Rome › Roman Imperial usurpations › Constantinople, Usurpations of
Rome › Roman Imperial usurpations › Eastern provinces, Usurpations of
Rome › Roman Imperial usurpations › Egypt, Usurpations of
Rome › Roman Imperial usurpations › Gaul, Usurpations of
Rome › Roman Imperial usurpations › Milan, Usurpations of
Rome › Roman Imperial usurpations › Moesia, Usurpations of
Rome › Roman Imperial usurpations › Pannonia, Usurpations of
Rome › Roman Imperial usurpations › Rome, Usurpations of
Rome › Roman Imperial usurpations › Syria, Usurpations of
Rome › Roman Imperial usurpations › Western provinces, Usurpations of
Rome › Roman provinces
- Cumhuriyet (509 MÖ - 27 MÖ)
- Julio-Claudian dynasty
- Germanicus (4-19)
- Julio-Claudian dynasty
- Antonia Minor (37)
- Julio-Claudian dynasty
- Agrippina the Younger (49-54)
- Claudia Octavia (54-62)
- Julio-Claudian dynasty
- Year of the Four Emperors
- Flavian dynasty
- Julia Flavia (79-91)
- Flavian dynasty
- Nerva–Antonine dynasty
- Pompeia Plotina (98-117)
- Sabina (117-137)
- Nerva–Antonine dynasty
- 3. Yüzyıl Krizi
- Nerva–Antonine dynasty
- Lucilla (164-169)
- Nerva–Antonine dynasty
- Crispina (178-191)
- Year of the Five Emperors
- 3. Yüzyıl Krizi
- Clodius Albinus (193-197)
- Severan dynasty
- Julia Soaemias (218-222)
- Julia Maesa (218-224)
- Julia Paula (219-220)
- Aquilia Severa (220-222)
- Annia Faustina (221)
- Severan dynasty
- Julia Mamaea (222-235)
- Sallustia Orbiana (225-227)
- Caecilia Paulina (235-236)
- 3. Yüzyıl Krizi
- Maximinus I Thrax (235-238)
- Maximus (236-238)
- Balbinus (238)
- Gordian I (238)
- Gordian II (238)
- Pupienus (238)
- Gordian III (238-244)
- Tranquillina (241-244)
- Otacilia Severa (244-249)
- Philip I (244-249)
- 2. Filip (247-249)
- Decius (249-251)
- Herennia Etruscilla (249-251)
- Herennius Etruscus (251)
- Hostilian (251)
- Trebonianus Gallus (251-253)
- Volusianus (251-253)
- Aemilianus (253)
- Cornelia Supera (253)
- Uranius Antoninus (253-254)
- 3. Yüzyıl Krizi
- Macrianus (260-261)
- Quietus (260-261)
- Illyrian emperors
- Tetrarchy and Constantinian dynasty
- Domitius Domitianus (297-298)
- Tetrarchy and Constantinian dynasty
Rome › Roman splinter states › Britannic Empire
Rome › Roman splinter states › Gallic Empire
Rome › Roman splinter states › Palmyrene Empire
- Zenobia (267-272)
- Vaballathus (270-272)
- Illyrian emperors
Rome › Roman Empire (27 MÖ - 395 MS)
- Julio-Claudian dynasty
- Year of the Four Emperors
- Flavian dynasty
- Nerva–Antonine dynasty
- Year of the Five Emperors
- Severan dynasty
- 3. Yüzyıl Krizi
- Maximinus I Thrax (235-238)
- Balbinus (238)
- Gordian I (238)
- Gordian II (238)
- Pupienus (238)
- Gordian III (238-244)
- Tranquillina (241-244)
- Otacilia Severa (244-249)
- Philip I (244-249)
- 2. Filip (247-249)
- Decius (249-251)
- Herennia Etruscilla (249-251)
- Herennius Etruscus (251)
- Hostilian (251)
- Trebonianus Gallus (251-253)
- Volusianus (251-253)
- Aemilianus (253)
- Cornelia Supera (253)
- Mariniana (253)
- Valerian (253-260)
- Gallienus (253-268)
- Cornelia Salonina (254-268)
- Quintus Julius Gallienus (255-257)
- Valerian II (256-258)
- Saloninus (260)
- Illyrian emperors
- Vaballathus (270-272)
- Illyrian emperors
- Tetrarchy and Constantinian dynasty
- Diocletian (284-305)
- Maximian Herculius (285-286)
- Maximian Herculius (286-305)
- Constantius I Chlorus (293-305)
- Galerius (293-305)
- Constantius I Chlorus (305-306)
- Galerius (305-311)
- Severus II (306-307)
- Maxentius (306-312)
- Constantine I (306-337)
- Licinius I (308-324)
- Maximinus II (311-313)
- Crispus (317-324)
- Constantine II (317-337)
- Constantine II (337-340)
- Constans I (337-350)
- Constantius II (337-361)
- Vetranio (350)
- Decentius (350-353)
- Magnentius (350-353)
- Constantius Gallus (351-354)
- Julian (360-363)
- Jovian (363-364)
- Valentinianic dynasty
Rome › Roman Republic (509 MÖ - 27 MÖ)
Rome › Western Roman Empire
Rus Principalities › Dmitrov, Principality of
Rus Principalities › Kyiv, Principality of
Rus Principalities › Moscow, Grand principality of
Rus Principalities › Mozhaysk, Principality of
Rus Principalities › Polatsk, Principality of
Rus Principalities › Ryazan, Grand principality of
Rus Principalities › Serpukhov-Borovsk, Principality of
Rus Principalities › Tver, Grand Principality of
Russia › Livonia and Estonia
Russia › Russian Empire (1547-1917)
- Rurik dynasty
- Godunov dynasty
- Time of Troubles
- House of Romanov
- Michael I (1613-1645)
- Alexis (1645-1676)
- Feodor III (1676-1682)
- Ivan V (1682-1696)
- Peter I (1682-1721)
- Peter I (1721-1725)
- Catherine I (1724-1727)
- Peter II (1727-1730)
- Anna I (1730-1740)
- Ivan VI (1740-1741)
- Elizabeth (1741-1762)
- Peter III (1762)
- Catherine II (1762-1796)
- Paul I (1796-1801)
- Alexander I (1801-1825)
- Interregnum (1825)
- House of Romanov
Russia › Russian Federation (1991-date)
Russia › Soviet Union
Russia › Siberia
Russia › Tannu Tuva
Russia › Taurida Governorate
Rwanda
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United Kingdom
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Vandal Kingdom
Vandal Kingdom › Vandal Sardinia
Vatican City › Papal States
- Gregory II (715-731)
- Emperors of the Byzantine Empire
- Gregory III (731-741)
- Zachary (741-752)
- Adrian I (772-795)
- Leo III (795-816)
- Emperors of the Holy Roman Empire
- Stephen IV (816-817)
- Paschal I (817-824)
- Eugene II (824-827)
- Valentine (827)
- Gregory IV (827-844)
- Emperors of the Holy Roman Empire
- Sergius II (844-847)
- Leo IV (847-855)
- Emperors of the Holy Roman Empire
- Benedict III (855-858)
- Nicholas I (858-867)
- Adrian II (867-872)
- John VIII (872-882)
- Emperors of the Holy Roman Empire
- Marinus I (882-884)
- Adrian III (884-885)
- Stephen V (885-891)
- Emperors of the Holy Roman Empire
- Formosus (891-896)
- Emperors of the Holy Roman Empire
- Stephen VI (896-897)
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- Romanus (897)
- Theodore II (897)
- John IX (898-900)
- Benedict IV (900-903)
- Emperors of the Holy Roman Empire
- Christopher (903-904)
- Sergius III (904-911)
- Anastasius III (911-913)
- Lando (913)
- John X (914-928)
- Emperors of the Holy Roman Empire
- Stephen VII (929-931)
- John XI (931-935)
- Alberic II of Spoleto (932-954)
- Marinus II (942-946)
- Agapetus II (946-955)
- John XII (955-962)
- Emperors of the Holy Roman Empire
- Leo VIII (963-965)
- Benedict V (964-965)
- John XIII (965-972)
- Benedict VI (972-974)
- Boniface VII (974)
- Benedict VII (975-983)
- Emperors of the Holy Roman Empire
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- Roman Senate
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- Roman Senate
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- Gregory XI (1370-1378)
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- Innocent VII (1404-1406)
- Gregory XII (1406-1415)
- John XXIII Baldassarre Cossa (1410-1415)
- Ladislaus I (1413-1414)
- Martin V (1417-1431)
- Eugene IV (1431-1447)
- Nicholas V (1447-1455)
- Callixtus III (1455-1458)
- Pius II (1458-1464)
- Ludovico Trevisan (Sede Vacante) (1464)
- Paul II (1464-1471)
- Sixtus IV (1471-1484)
- Innocent VIII (1484-1492)
- Alexander VI (1492-1503)
- Pius III (1503)
- Julius II (1503-1513)
- Leo X (1513-1521)
- Francesco Armellini de' Medici (Sede Vacante) (1521)
- Adrian VI (1522-1523)
- Francesco Armellini de' Medici (Sede Vacante) (1523)
- Clement VII (1523-1534)
- Emperors of the Holy Roman Empire
- Paul III (1534-1549)
- Guido Ascanio Sforza di Santa Fiora (Sede Vacante) (1549-1550)
- Julius III (1550-1555)
- Marcellus II (1555)
- Paul IV (1555-1559)
- Pius IV (1559-1565)
- Vitellozzo Vitelli (Sede Vacante) (1565-1566)
- Pius V (1566-1572)
- Luigi Cornaro (Sede Vacante) (1572)
- Gregory XIII (1572-1585)
- Filippo Guastavillani (Sede Vacante) (1585)
- Sixtus V (1585-1590)
- Enrico Caetani (Sede Vacante) (1590)
- Urban VII (1590)
- Gregory XIV (1590-1591)
- Enrico Caetani (Sede Vacante) (1591)
- Clement VIII (1592-1605)
- Pietro Aldobrandini (1598-1605)
- Paul V (1605-1621)
- Pietro Aldobrandini (Sede Vacante) (1605, 1621)
- Gregory XV (1621-1623)
- Ippolito Aldobrandini (Sede Vacante) (1623)
- Urban VIII (1623-1644)
- Innocent X (1644-1655)
- Antonio Barberini (Sede Vacante) (1644, 1655, 1667, 1669-1670)
- Giambattista Spada (1654-1657)
- Alexander VII (1655-1667)
- Clement IX (1667-1669)
- Clement X (1670-1676)
- Paluzzo Paluzzi Altieri degli Albertoni (Sede Vacante) (1676)
- Innocent XI (1676-1689)
- Paluzzo Paluzzi Altieri degli Albertoni (Sede Vacante) (1689)
- Alexander VIII (1689-1691)
- Paluzzo Paluzzi Altieri degli Albertoni (Sede Vacante) (1691)
- Innocent XII (1691-1700)
- Giovanni Battista Spínola (Sede Vacante) (1700)
- Clement XI (1700-1721)
- Annibale Albani (Sede Vacante) (1721)
- Innocent XIII (1721-1724)
- Annibale Albani (Sede Vacante) (1724)
- Benedict XIII (1724-1730)
- Annibale Albani (Sede Vacante) (1730)
- Clement XII (1730-1740)
- Annibale Albani (Sede Vacante) (1740)
- Benedict XIV (1740-1758)
- Girolamo Colonna di Sciarra (Sede Vacante) (1758)
- Clement XIII (1758-1769)
- Carlo Rezzonico (Sede Vacante) (1769)
- Clement XIV (1769-1774)
- Carlo Rezzonico (Sede Vacante) (1774-1775)
- Pius VI (1775-1799)
- Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies (1799-1800)
- Pius VII (1800-1823)
- Bartolomeo Pacca (Sede Vacante) (1823)
- Leo XII (1823-1829)
- Pietro Francesco Galleffi (Sede Vacante) (1829)
- Pius VIII (1829-1830)
- Pietro Francesco Galleffi (Sede Vacante) (1830-1831)
- Gregory XVI (1831-1846)
- Tommaso Riario Sforza (Sede Vacante) (1846)
- Pius IX (1846-1878)
- Leo XIII (1878-1903)
- Pius X (1903-1914)
- Benedict XV (1914-1922)
- Pius XI (1922-1939)
Vatican City › Papal States › Bologna (Papal States)
- Ascanio Sforza (1492-1499)
- Giovanni Borgia (1499-1500)
- Giambattista Orsini (1500-1503)
- Innocenzo Cybo (1527-1536)
- Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte (1534-1536)
- Mario Aligeri Colonna (1536)
- Guido Ascanio Sforza di Santa Fiora (1536-1539)
- Bonifacio Ferrero (1540-1542)
- Gasparo Contarini (1542)
- Benedetto Conversini (1542-1543)
- Bernardino Castellari (1543)
- Giovanni Girolamo Morone (1544-1548)
- Giovanni Ciocchi del Monte (1548-1550)
- Carlo Carafa (1555-1559)
- Girolamo Melchiorri (1559-1560)
- Tommaso Ruffo (1721-1727)
- Giorgio Spinola (1727-1731)
- Girolamo Grimaldi (1731-1733)
- Giovanni Battista Spinola (1733-1740)
- Giulio Albertoni (1740-1743)
- Giorgio Doria (1743-1754)
- Fabrizio Serbelloni (1754-1761)
- Lazzaro Opizio Pallavicini (1768-1769)
- Antonio Colonna Branciforte (1769-1777)
- Ignazio Gaetano Boncompagni-Ludovisi (1777-1785)
- Giovanni Andrea Archetti (1785-1795)
- Ippolito-Antonio Vincenti-Mareri (1795-1796)
Vatican City › Papal States › Comtat Venaissin
- Clement V (1305-1314)
- Peter of Cros (1378)
- Francis of Conzie (Sede Vacante) (1415-1417)
- George of Amboise (1503-1510)
- Alessandro Farnese (1541-1565)
- Charles of Bourbon (1565-1591)
- George of Armagnac (1566-1585)
- Silvio Savelli (1592-1594)
- Ottavio Acquaviva (1593-1601)
- Carlo Conti (1599-1604)
- Joseph Ferrier (1607-1609)
- Scipio Borghese (1607-1621)
- Ludovico Ludovisi (1621-1623)
- Cosimo Bardi (1623-1629)
- Francis Barberini (1623-1633)
- Marius Filonardi (1629-1634)
- Antonio Barberini (1633-1644)
- Jules Mazarin (1634-1637)
- Federico Sforza (1637-1645)
- Camillo Pamphili (1644-1650)
- John Nicholas Conti (1655-1659)
- Flavio Chigi (1657-1668)
- Pietro Ottoboni (1690-1693)
Vatican City › Papal States › L'Aquila (Papal States)
Vatican City › Papal States › Macerata (Papal States)
Vatican City › Papal States
Vatican City
- Sede vacante (2025)
- Leo XIV (2025-date)
- Pius XI (1922-1939)
- Sede vacante (1939)
- Pius XII (1939-1958)
- Sede vacante (1958)
- John XXIII (1958-1963)
- Sede vacante (1963)
- Paul VI (1963-1978)
- Sede vacante (1978)
- John Paul I (1978)
- Sede vacante (1978)
- John Paul II (1978-2005)
- Sede vacante (2005)
- Benedict XVI (2005-2013)
- Sede vacante (2013)
- Francis (2013-2025)
Venezuela
Vietnam › French Cochinchina
Vietnam › North Vietnam
Vietnam › South Vietnam
- State of Vietnam
- Cumhuriyet
- Second Republic (1967-1976)
- Cumhuriyet
Vietnam › Tonkin
Vietnam
Vietnam › Vietnam, Empire of › Cao Bằng Province
- Mạc dynasty
Vietnam › Vietnam, Empire of › Dynastic rebels
Vietnam › Vietnam, Empire of › Dynastic rebels › Lê Văn Khôi Rebellion
Vietnam › Vietnam, Empire of › Dynastic rebels › Mạc rebels
- Revival Lê dynasty
Vietnam › Vietnam, Empire of › Dynastic rebels › Nông Văn Vân Rebellion
Vietnam › Vietnam, Empire of › Dynastic rebels › Trần Cảo Rebellion
Vietnam › Vietnam, Empire of › Dynastic rebels › Trần Tuân Rebellion
Vietnam › Vietnam, Empire of › Đàng Ngoài
Vietnam › Vietnam, Empire of › Đàng Trong
Vietnam › Vietnam, Empire of
- Đinh dynasty
- Early Lê dynasty
- Later Lý dynasty
- Trần dynasty
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- Later Lê dynasty
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- Tây Sơn dynasty
- Revival Lê dynasty
- Qing occupation
- Tây Sơn dynasty
- Nguyễn dynasty
Visigothic Kingdom
- Liuvigild (575-586)
- Hermenegild (579-584)
- Reccared I (586-601)
- Liuva II (601-603)
- Witteric (603-610)
- Gundemar (610-612)
- Sisebut (612-621)
- Reccared II (621)
- Suintila (621-631)
- Iudila (631)
- Sisenand (631-636)
- Chintila (636-639)
- Tulga (639-642)
- Chindasuinth (642-653)
- Recceswinth (649-672)
- Wamba (672-680)
- Erwig (680-687)
- Egica (687-702)
- Eg. Et Wit. (694-702)
- Wittiza (694-710)
- Suniefred (700-701)
- Roderic (710-711)
- Agila II (710-714)
West Slavs › Hevelli tribe
West Slavs › Kopanica, Duchy of
Westarctica, Grand Duchy of
Western Sahara
Yemen › North Yemen
Yemen › South Arabia
- İngiliz himayesi
Yemen
Yemen › Yemen Eyalet
- Ottoman Empire
Yemen › Yemen, People's Democratic Republic of
Yemen › Yemeni Zaidi State
- Rassid dynasty
- Al-Mansur al-Qasim the Great (1597-1620)
- Al-Mu'ayyad Muhammad I (1602-1644)
- Al-Mutawakkil Isma'il (1644-1676)
- Al-Mu'ayyad Muhammad II (1681-1686)
- Al-Nasir Muhammad III (1687-1693)
- Al-Hadi Muhammad III (1693-1697)
- Al-Mahdi Muhammad III (1697-1718)
- Al-Mutawakkil al-Qasim (1716-1727)
- Al-Mansur al-Husayn II (1727-1748)
- Al-Mahdi Abbas (1748-1775)
- Al-Mansur Ali I (1775-1809)
- Al-Mutawakkil Ahmad II (1809-1816)
- Al-Mahdi Abdallah I (1816-1835)
- Al-Mansur Ali II (1835-1837, 1844-1845,1849-1850)
- An-Nasir Abdallah II (1837-1840)
- Al-Hadi Muhammad IV (1840-1844)
- Al-Mutawakkil Muhammad V (1845-1849)
- Al-Mansur Ahmad III (1849-1853)
- Al-Hadi Ghalib (1851-1852)
- Al-Mansur Muhammad bin Yahya Hamid ad-Din (1888-1904)
- al-Hadi li-din Allah al-Hasan (1904)
- Al-Mutawakkil Yahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din (1904-1918)
Yugoslavia
- House of Karađorđević - Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes
- House of Karađorđević - Kingdom of Yugoslavia
- Democratic Federal Yugoslavia (1943-1945)
- Slovenian National Liberation Committee (1944-1945)
- Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (1945-1963)
- Socialist Federal Republic (1963-1992)
- Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992-2003)
Zambia
Zimbabwe › Rhodesia (1964-1979)
- Windsor Hanedanı
- Cumhuriyet (1970-1979)
Zimbabwe › Southern Rhodesia (1932-1955)
- Windsor Hanedanı