I don‘t know about the Austrian law, but for example contemporary Hungarian banknotes (their first issues) bear the dates when they officially became legal tender, although they are usually put into circulation the next year. See for example this press release: Upgrading the 1000 forint banknote | MNB.hu There are also other countries which issue banknotes in a similar fashion, like Denmark or Norway for example.
So I suppose that this was also the case of 20 Schilling banknotes, maybe to give the central bank more time to prepare people for the new banknotes and also to print them beforehand.